پديد آورندگان :
سهيلي موحد، سميه دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , خماري، سعيد دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , شيخ زاده، پريسا دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , عليزاده، بهرام سازمان تحقيقات آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - مؤسسه تحقيقات اصلاح و تهيه نهال و بذر، كرج
چكيده فارسي :
بهمنظور بررسي اثر محلولپاشي عناصر كممصرف بور و روي بر عملكرد و برخي صفات مورفولوژيك و زراعي گلرنگ بهاره (Carthamus tinctorius L.) (رقم محلي اصفهان) تحت تنش خشكي انتهاي فصل، دو آزمايش جداگانه طي سالهاي زراعي 93- 1392 و 94- 1393 در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي بهصورت اسپيليت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح پايه بلوكهاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار انجام گرفت. كرت اصلي شامل سه سطح محدوديت آب (=S1 آبياري كامل تا انتهاي فصل، =S2 قطع آبياري از مرحله گل‌دهي و =S3 قطع آبياري از مرحله دانهبندي) و كرت فرعي شامل تركيب فاكتوريل عناصر ريزمغذي بور (0B1= ، 350 B2=و 700B3= پيپيام) و روي (0Zn1= ، 1000Zn2= و 2000Zn3= پيپيام) بود. نتايج نشان داد كه در سال اول آزمايش كليه صفات مورد بررسي تحت اثرات منفي محدوديت آب قرار گرفتند. تنش خشكي در مرحله گل‌دهي (S2) و دانهبندي (S3)، بهصورت معنيداري عملكرد دانه را نسبت به شاهد (S1) كاهش داد (بهترتيب 62/15 درصد و 77/12 درصد). در سال دوم بهعلت بارشهاي فراوان در طي دوره تنش اختلاف معنيداري بين تيمارهاي آبياري در كليه صفات مشاهده نشد. در هر دو سال آزمايش تيمارهاي B3Zn2 و B2Zn2 در صفات عملكرد و درصد مغز دانه حداكثر افزايش معنيدار و در صفات درصد پوسته دانه و نسبت پوسته به مغز بيش‌ترين كاهش معنيدار را نسبت به شاهد نشان دادند. هم‌چنين اين تيمارها بالاترين قطر طبق (بهترتيب 83/42 و 31/42 ميليمتر)، طول (بهترتيب 84/8 و 63/8 ميليمتر) و عرض دانه (بهترتيب 89/4 و 77/4 ميليمتر) را دارا بودند. در هر دو سال آزمايش بيش‌ترين طول دانه در كليه سطوح آبياري در تيمار B3 مشاهده شد. محلولپاشي عناصر بور و روي در شرايط تنش در مرحله گل‌دهي و دانهبندي، اكثر صفات مورد بررسي را بهطور معنيداري بهبود بخشيد. وجود همبستگي مثبت و معنيدار بين عملكرد و ساير صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد كه عناصر ريزمغذي اگر در زمان مناسب و به‌مقدار بهينه مصرف گردد، در مقاومت به خشكي گياه اثر مثبت خواهند گذاشت. بهطوركلي، محلولپاشي برگي عناصر بور و روي نسبت به شاهد توانست تا حدودي خسارات ناشي از محدوديت آب را در گلرنگ جبران نمايد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Plants under natural and agronomic conditions are constantly exposed to different stresses. In this regard, drought stress
is the most important limiting factor to crop yields in many parts of the world and Iran, particularly, if the water stress
occurs during the flowering stage, it will affect the crop production. Drought stress disrupts the nutritional balance of
plant. Proper nutrition under stress conditions can partly help plant against various stresses. Plants growth under stress
can be improved by micro nutrients foliar application. Boron is important in the plant growth and its deficiency is one
of the major constraints to crop production. Zinc plays a key role in the various biochemical processes of plant cells. Its
deficiency will be apparent in various forms such as growth retardation, yield and concentration of the element in
different parts of a plant such as seeds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of boron and zinc foliar
application on yield and some agronomic and morphological traits of spring safflower (cv. Mahalli-e Esfahan) under
late-season water deficit in Ardabil province.
Materials and Methods
The field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
during 2013-14 and 2014-15 growing seasons. The experimental design was a split factorial in a randomized complete
block with three replications. Three irrigation treatments (S1: full irrigation until the end of season (control), S2:
irrigation with holding from flowering and S3: irrigation with holding from seed filling) were randomized to the main
plots and the sub-plot included factorial combination of B (B1: 0, B2: 350, B3: 700 ppm) and Zn (Zn1: 0, Zn2: 1000, Zn3:
2000 ppm). B was added as boric acid (H3BO3) and Zn as zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). The treatments were applied during
flowering (when 50% of the plants were at anthesis) as foliar applications. All other agricultural practices (weeds
control and irrigation), were performed when they were required and as recommended for safflower production. The
measured traits included seed coat percentage, seed kernel percentage, seed coat to kernel ratio, leaf number, capitol
diameter, seed length, seed width and seed yield. Analyses of variance and comparison of means at P≤0.05 were carried
out, using SAS 9.1 software. The means were compared using LSD test.
Results and Discussion
Combined analysis of variance of the data showed that year, irrigation and year × irrigation interaction were significant
for all the traits. Also, all traits (except leaf number) were significantly affected by B, Zn and B × Zn interaction. Seed
coat percentage, seed kernel percentage and seed coat to kernel ratio were significantly affected by year×B, year × Zn
and year×B×Zn interactions. Seed length and seed yield were significantly affected by year×irrigation×B and
year×B×Zn interactions, respectively. During the first year, all the investigated traits influenced from deterrent impacts
of drought stress. Water deficit stress at the flowering and seed filling stages significantly decreased seed yield
compared to full irrigation (15.62% at flowering and 12.77% at seed filling). During the second year, there was no
significant difference among all the treatments due to heavy rainfall. The results showed that B and Zn foliar application
had a positive and significant effect on seed coat percentage, seed kernel percentage, seed coat to kernel ratio, capitol diameter, seed length, seed width and seed yield. The treatments of B3Zn2 and B2Zn2 had the greatest increase of
these parameters in comparison with B1Zn1 (control) in both years. Boron and zinc foliar application significantly
improved most traits under water stress levels.
Conclusion
The significant positive correlation between yield and other studied traits indicated that on-time and sufficient foliar
spray of micronutrients mediated drought tolerance in safflower plants. In general, foliar application of boron and zinc
compared with control could alleviate the drought damages to safflower.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank from the Faculty of Agriculture, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, for supporting this study.
