پديد آورندگان :
ريگي، فرزانه دانشگاه زابل - دانشكده كشاورزي , دهمرده، مهدي دانشگاه زابل - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه اگرواكولوژي , خمري، عيسي دانشگاه زابل - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت , باقري، رضا دانشگاه زابل - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني
چكيده فارسي :
به منظور ارزيابي تأثير جهت كشت و تقسيط نيتروژن بر ﺻﻔﺎت اكوﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد گياه دارويي چاي ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) آزمايشي به‌صورت اسپليت‌پلات در قالب طرح بلوكهاي كامل تصادفي در سه تكرار در پژوهشكده تحقيقاتي دانشگاه زابل در سال زراعي 1396-1395 اجرا شد. تيمارهاي آزمايش شامل جهت كشت در دو سطح (شمالي- جنوبي، شرقي- غربي) به‌عنوان عامل اصلي و تقسيط نيتروژن از منبع اوره چهار سطح (يك‌سوم قبل از كاشت، يك‌سوم مرحله چهاربرگي، يك‌سوم مرحله ساقه رفتن؛ يك‌دوم قبل ازكاشت يك‌دوم مرحله چهاربرگي؛ يك‌دوم مرحله چهاربرگي يك‌دوم مرحله ساقه رفتن؛ يك‌سوم مرحله چهاربرگي، يك‌سوم مرحله ساقه رفتن، يك‌سوم مرحله گل‌دهي) به‌عنوان عامل فرعي بودند. نتايج ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد كه جهت كشت و تقسيط نيتروژن بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد شاخه جانبي، تعداد غوزه در بوته، وزن تر كاسبرگ، وزن خشك كاسبرگ و شاخص برداشت معني دار بود. امّا تعداد شاخه جانبي و قطر ساقه تنها تحت تأثير جهت كشت قرار گرفتند. عملكرد بيولوژيك تنها تحت تأثير تقسيط نيتروژن قرار گرفت. اثر متقابل جهت كشت و تقسيط نيتروژن براي صفت شاخص برداشت معني‌دار (پنج درصد) و براي ساير صفات مورفولوژيك بسيار معني دار (يك درصد) شد. بر اساس نتايج مقايسه ميانگين تيمارها مشخص گرديد كه به‌جز تعداد شاخه جانبي تمامي صفات مورفولوژيكي اندازه‌گيري شده در جهت كشت شمالي- جنوبي داراي بيش‌ترين مقدار بودند. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن به‌صورت مصرف در مرحله چهاربرگي، مرحله ساقه رفتن و گل‌دهي نسبت به ساير تيمارها بر ويژگيهاي اندازه‌گيري شده تأثير معني‌داري داشت. زمان‌بندي صحيح مصرف كود، مهم‌تر از كل مقدار كود به كار رفته ميباشد، به‌طوري كه ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ويژگيهاي عملكردي چاي ترش شد كه در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ميتواند ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻮدي و آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ را در ﭘﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a medicinal plant and belongs to the family Malvaceae, short day plant, selfpollination, one year old or a few years old in the warm and indigenous climate of Africa. The main objective in crop
management is to maximize light gain by crop canopy. Nitrogen is the first element that has a shortage in arid and semiarid regions. Considering that agriculture in the Sistan region is associated with unfavorable environmental factors such
as water shortages and nutrients in the soil, and severe 120-day winds. The aim of this research was to investigate the
planting direction for determining the most suitable planting direction, optimal use of chemical fertilizers and
determining their best application time for the medicinal plant of Roselle under Sistan climate conditions.
Materials and Methods
A split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research
Institute of Zabol University during growing season of 2016-2017. Treatments experiment included two levels of
planting directions two levels (North-South, East-West) As the main plot and the split of nitrogen fertilizer from the
source of urea in four levels (1/3 per planting, 1/3 four leaf stage, 1/3 stem elongation; 1/2 post planting, 1/2 four leaf
stage; 1/2 four leaf stage, 1/2 stem elongation; 1/3 four leaf stage, 1/3 stem elongation, 1/3 Flowering stage) as a
subsidiary agent. Ecological parameters such as light, temperature and soil moisture at the end of flowering stage and
organic matter, nitrogen and soil carbon were measured after plant harvest. The morphological characteristics were
measured at the end of the growth season at the end of the complete inspection of the Sepals. Data were averaged for
each sample (measured for 5 samples), with variance and mean computation. The mean test was performed using a 5%
mean field test and a knowledge Duncan multiple test. Statistical data analysis was performed using SAS software
version 9.1.
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the effect of planting directions and split of nitrogen fertilizer on traits stem height, stem
diameter, number of lateral branch, number of boll, economical yield, sepals dry weight, harvest index was significant.
Except for the number of lateral branches, all morphological traits measured for north-south planting directions were the
highest. The highest economical yield was 644 kg.ha-1 the biological yield of 9352 kg.ha-1and the harvest index of 6.39
kg.ha-1were obtained from treatment (1/3 four leaf stage, 1/3 stem elongation, 1/3 flowering stage) The results of
correlation coefficients between morphological and ecological traits showed that the highest correlation (0.96) (0.91)
was found between the number of flower bowls with economic performance and between stem diameter and economic
performance, which was positive and very significant. Thereafter, there was the highest correlation (-0.85) between
biological yield and soil organic matter (after plant harvest), which was negative and very significant.
Conclusion
The results showed that planting directions north-south enjoying the better of ecological agents increase the yield and
sepals been in medicinal plant Roselle, Also with nitrogen fertilizer management in such a way that soil nitrogen
availability is more adapted to the sensitive times of the need for Roselle, It can be used with a nitrogen split application
in order to increase the yield of Roselle, Application of treatment (1/3 four leaf stage, 1/3 stem elongation, 1/3
Flowering stage), which is simultaneously with the plant's sensitive vegetative and reproductive stages is recommended.
Therefore, the use of chemical fertilizers as a split, while lead to reducing consumption and increasing the efficiency of
chemical fertilizers in order to achieve sustainable agriculture and environmental protection is recommended.
