پديد آورندگان :
كوچكي، عليرضا دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گـروه اگروتكنولـوژي , فلاح پور، فرنوش دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گـروه اگروتكنولـوژي , امين غفوري، افسانه دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گـروه اگروتكنولـوژي
كليدواژه :
عملكرد بيولوژيك , عملكرد دانه , فراواني نسبي , نسبت برابري زمين
چكيده فارسي :
به‌منظور تعيين بهترين عرض نوار در كشت مخلوط رديفي كنجد (Sesamum indicum L) و كتان (Linum usitatissimum L) آزمايشي در قالب طرح بلوكهاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد در دو سال زراعي 89- 1388 و 90- 1389 اجرا شد. تيمارهاي آزمايش شامل چهار الگوي مخلوط رديفي (يك رديف كنجد+ يك رديف كتان (1:1)، دو رديف كنجد+ دو رديف كتان (2:2)، سه رديف كنجد+ سه رديف كتان (3:3) و چهار رديف كنجد+ چهار رديف كتان (4:4)) و كشت خالص كنجد و كتان بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل تراكم و وزن خشك علف هاي هرز و عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد دو گياه بود. نتايج نشان دادند كه اثر الگوهاي مختلف كشت مخلوط بر وزن خشك و تراكم علف هاي هرز معني دار بود. بيش‌ترين و كم‌ترين وزن خشك علف هاي هرز به‌ترتيب در تيمار كشت خالص كتان (832/1 گرم در مترمربع) و كشت مخلوط دو رديفي (41/66 گرم در مترمربع) مشاهده شد. بالاترين عملكرد بيولوژيكي كنجد در كشت خالص (با 9508/7 كيلوگرم در هكتار) و در كتان در كشت خالص و الگوي مخلوط دو رديفي (به‌ترتيب با 3987/3 و 3521/7 كيلوگرم در هكتار) به‌دست آمد. حداكثر عملكرد دانه نيز در هر دو گياه (به‌ترتيب در كنجد و كتان 4876/3 و 2122/12 كيلوگرم در هكتار) در كشت خالص حاصل شد. نسبت برابري زمين در الگوهاي مختلف بين 1/34- 0/68 متغير بود و بيش‌ترين مقدار در الگوي دو رديفي مشاهده شد. به‌علاوه كشت مخلوط با افزايش تنوع، باعث كاهش تعداد و وزن خشك علف هاي هرز گرديد و به‌طور كلي بهترين نتايج در الگوي دو رديف كنجد+ دو رديف كتان مشاهده شد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Providing food for the rising world population is one of the first human needs. In recent years, there has been increased
interest in agricultural production systems in order to achieve high productivity and promote sustainability over time.
Intercropping is one of the methods that simultaneously can increase the agricultural system productivity and also
reduce their side effects on the environment. Intercropping can provide numerous benefits to cropping systems through
increasing the total yield and land-use efficiency by enhancing the use of light, water, and nutrient, as well as improving
soil conservation and declining the economic damage of agricultural pests, diseases, and weeds.
Several factors can influence the growth and yield of the species used in the intercropping, including the kind of
selected crops, sowing ratio, and competition between the mixture components. Therefore, the present study, to
compare the different intercropping patterns of sesame and flax and their effects on the yield and the weed density.
Materials and Methods
In order to determine the best width of strip in row intercropping of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and flax (Linum
usitatissimum L.) a two-year field study based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was
conducted during the growing seasons of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 in the Agriculture Research Station of Ferdowsi
University of Mashhad. Treatments were four patterns of sesame-flax row intercropping including one row of sesame +
one row of flax (1:1), two rows of sesame + two rows of flax (2:2), three rows of sesame + three rows of flax (3:3), four
rows of sesame + four rows of flax (4:4) and monoculture of sesame and monoculture of flax. The crops were sown
simultaneously on 1 and 5 May in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The crops were irrigated after sowing and thinned out in
the 4-6 leaf stage. In the first month after sowing, all plots were weeded by hand and after that, we did not use any
method for controlling of weeds and the density and dry weight of weeds were evaluated in four sampling dates. At the
end of the experiment, the yield and yield components of both crops were measured and the land equivalent ratio (LER)
was calculated based on the yield of each crop in monoculture and in intercropping patterns.
Results and Discussion
The results showed a significant difference among different intercropping patterns based on the density and dry weight
of weeds. The highest and lowest dry weight of weeds were observed in flax monoculture (832.1 g.m-2) and 2:2 pattern
(41.66 g.m-2), respectively. On the other hand, improving diversity by using intercropping had a negative effect on the
density and dry weight of weeds. The maximum amount of biological yield of sesame was recorded in monoculture
(9508.7 kg.ha-1) and for flax was recorded in monoculture and the pattern of 2:2 (3987.3 and 3521.7 kg.ha-1,
respectively). Besides, the highest seed yield of the two crops was gained in monoculture (4876.3 and 2122.12 kg.ha-1
for sesame and flax, respectively). The land equivalent ratio (LER) for different patterns ranged from 0.68-1.34 and the
maximum LER belonged to the pattern of 2:2. In general, the best result was obtained in the pattern of two rows of
sesame+ two rows of flax (2:2).Conclusion
Overall, our results indicated that in intercropping, planting pattern with two or three rows of flax among the sesame
rows had the best planting composition to achieve the highest yields for the two crops. In addition, the land equivalent
ratio in these patterns was calculated more than one. One of the other effects of intercropping in our study was reducing
the density and biomass of weeds. As a result, choosing the right pattern in the intercropping not only can be effective
on the crop yield, but also by reducing the density of weeds can decrease the environmental impact of agricultural
production systems by diminishing the use of chemical herbicides.
