كليدواژه :
پرولين , دماي برگ , عملكرد دانه , محتواي نسبي آب برگ , نشت يوني , ارقام گندم , رژيم هاي مختلف آبياري
چكيده لاتين :
In order to investigate the effect of super absorbent polymer and manure fertilizer on water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under different water deficit conditions, an experimental has been carried out in a factorial layout, based on randomized complete
block design with three replications at the research field of West-Azerbaijan (Saatlo station) during 2017-2018. The first factor is irrigation in
two levels: normal and drought stress conditions, with the second one being super absorbent polymer 200 kg ha-1, manure fertilizer 40 ton ha-
1, their dual application, and the control (i.e., non-application fertilizer). As for the third factor, it deals with wheat cultivars (Mihan, Heidari,
and Zarineh). Results indicate that drought stress, compared to normal irrigation, has reduced grain yield, chlorophyll index, harvest index,
and relative water content by about 32%, 22%, 24%, and 19%, respectively. Separate applications of super absorbent polymer, manure
fertilizer, and dual application of them lead to an increase in grain yield (by 20%, 22%, and 33%), chlorophyll index (by 7%, 8%, and 14%),
harvest index (by 8%, 10%, and 15%), relative water content (by 12%, 13%, and 16%), economical water use efficiency (by 20%, 23%, and
35%), and biological water use efficiency (by 14%, 15%, and 24%), in comparison with the control. The highest leaf temperature (33.10 °C)
is obtained under drought stress and no application of the fertilizer, while the lowest one (21.99 °C) belongs to favorable irrigation conditions
along with dual application of super absorbent polymer and manure fertilizer. The highest economical and biological water use efficiency
(1.34 kg m-3 and 4.10 kg m-3, respectively) occur under drought stress conditions as well as dual application of super absorbent polymer, on
one hand, and manure fertilizer, on the other. It turns out that Mihan is a superior cultivar for grain yield, harvest index, and relative water
content, among all cultivars under two different moisture conditions. The highest grain and biological yields belong to favorable irrigation
conditions and dual application of super absorbent polymer and manure fertilizer.