تاثير غلظت هاي مختلف مس و سرب بر تغييرات روزنه، خصوصيات مورفولوژيك و فيزيولوژيك گياه لاله عباسي (Mirabilis jalapa)

Effect of Different Concentrations of Copper and Lead on Stomata Changes, Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Four O’Clock (Mirabilis jalapa

با ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮات زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ در دﻫﻪﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻣﮑﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﯿﺎه ﻻﻟﻪﻋﺒﺎﺳﯽ، ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﺖ در ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺮب و ﻣﺲ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸـ ﯽ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮب )ﺻﻔﺮ، 200، 400 و800 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺧﺎك( و ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺲ )ﺻـﻔﺮ ، 200، 400 و800 ﻣﯿﻠـ ﯽﮔـﺮم ﺑﺮﮐﯿﻠـﻮﮔﺮم ﺧﺎك( ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ، در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﻫﻨﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻫـﺮ دو ﻋﻨﺼـﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ رﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎي ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي و ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت روزﻧﻪاي ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﯾـﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻗﻨﺪ اﺣﯿﺎ، ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ، ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺳﺮب و ﻣﺲ در رﯾﺸﻪ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿـﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻮق، در رﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﻮد. ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﺳﺮب و ﻣﺲ رﯾﺸﻪ در ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 32 و 22 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ و در اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ 6 و 3/6 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪﻋﻼوه ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪدﯾﺴﻤﻮﺗﺎز، ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز و آﺳﮑﻮرﺑﺎتﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز، در ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻫﺮ دو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 2/5 ،2/7 و 2/4 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. اﯾﻦ درﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ، ﺑﯿﺶ از 9 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﻻﻟـﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺳـﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎﻏﭽﻪاي ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺮب و ﻣﺲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻓﻠﺰات اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد.

In recent decades cultivation of plants as a tool to manage the polluted areas by heavy metals has received an increased attention. In order to evaluate the possibility of using Four o’clock plant as a phytoremediator in soils polluted by Cu and Pb, an experiment was conducted using four levels of Cu and Pb (0, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) concentrations, as a factorial experiment based on a completely random design in the Research Greenhouse of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. Results showed that pollution by each of these metals alters photosynthetic pigments concentration and morphological traits of plants. Stomatal characteristics were significantly decreased by these heavy metals. Significant increases were also found in concentration of reducing sugars and proline, Pb and Cu accumulation in stems and roots and also activities of antioxidative enzymes. High levels of metal accumulation were found in roots. Compared to the control condition, plants which were grown under the highest levels of pollutions accumulated 32 and 22 times more Cu and Pb, respectively, in root tissue and 6 and 3.6 times more in the shoot tissue. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were also increased up to 2.7, 2.5 and 2.4 times in plants grown in the soil polluted with the highest level of both metals. Meanwhile, proline concentration increased 9 times in plants grown under the same conditions. These Results showed that this species can be used as a Cu and Pb tolerant ornamental plant in Cu and Pb polluted conditions.