پديد آورندگان :
ميرزاجاني, محمدرضا دانشگاه گيلان - دانشكده علوم كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , مجيديان, مجيد دانشگاه گيلان - دانشكده علوم كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , محسن آبادي, غلامرضا دانشگاه گيلان - دانشكده علوم كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
كليدواژه :
ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺎت زﯾﺴﺘﯽ , ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا , ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ , كلروفيل
چكيده فارسي :
يكــي از نيازهــاي مهــم در برنامه‌ريزي زراعي به‌منظور حصول عملكرد بالا و كيفيت مطلوب به‌ويژه در گياهان دارويي ارزيابي سيســتم‌هاي مختلف تغذيه گياه اســت. با روش صحيح افزايش حاصلخيزي خاك و تغذيه گياه مي‌توان ضمن حفظ محيط‌زيســت، كاهش فرســايش و حفظ تنوع‌زيستي، كارآيي نهاده‌ها را افزايش داد. اين پژوهش با هدف ارتقاي عملكرد كمي و كيفي گياه بادرنجبويه با مصرف كودهاي زيستي نظير قارچ ميكوريزا، كود فسفاته زيستي و ورمي‌كمپوست مورد بررسي قرار گرفت.آزمايش در بهار و تابستان 1395 در مزرعه تحت پوشش سازمان جهاد كشاورزي استان گيلان واقع در بخش خشك‌بيجار از توابع شهرستان رشت اجرا شد. در اين تحقيق آزمايش به‌صورت فاكتوريل سه عاملي شامل قارچ ميكوريزا (M) در دو سطح (عدم تلقيح = M1 و تلقيح = M2)، عامل كود فسفات زيستي (P) در سه سطح (صفر =P1، 50 = P2 و 100 = P3 كيلوگرم در هكتار) و ورمي‌كمپوست (V) در سه سطح )ﺻﻔﺮ =V2 = 5 ،V و 10 = V3 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ
ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﯾﮏ ﮐﺮت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ )ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﺷـﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ اوره 90 ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘـﺎر،
ﺳﻮﭘﺮ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت ﺗﺮﯾﭙﻞ 90 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ 90 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( در ﻫﺮ ﺗﮑﺮار ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ آن ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا، ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺎت زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ
ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺮگ، درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﮐـﻞ و ﮐﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿـﺪ در ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺎت زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘـﺎر در ﮐـﻞ ﺻـﻔﺎت اﻧـﺪازه ﮔﯿـﺮي ﺷـﺪه
ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ را داﺷﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 10 ﺗﻦ ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳـﺖ در ﻫﮑﺘـﺎر در ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾـ ﮏ )4808/2 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ )0/13( و ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﮐﻞ )1/54 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم در ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮگ ﺗﺎزه( ﺑـﻪ دﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪ
اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ اﻓﺰاﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ روي ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﻣـﯽ ﺗـﻮان ﺑـﻪ اﺛـﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺗﻠﻘـﯿﺢ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا و ﻓﺴﻔﺎت زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺮگ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻫﻢ اﻓﺰاﯾﯽ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا و ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳـﺖ در ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ
اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﮑﻮرﯾﺰا، ﻣﺼـﺮف 100 ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﮔﺮم ﻓﺴـﻔﺎت زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ و 10 ﺗـﻦ ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ درﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ را ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻤﯽ )5290 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘـﺎر
و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ )0/26 درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ( در ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎدرﻧﺠﺒﻮﯾﻪ در ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ زراﻋﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد.
چكيده لاتين :
An important requirement of agronomic planning is to evaluate different plant nutrition systems in order to achieve high yield and quality, especially in medicinal plants. With the correct method of increasing soil fertilization and plant nutrition, it is possible to reduce the erosion and conservation of biodiversity, preserve the environment, and increase the efficiency of inputs. This research was carried out with the aim of improving the quantitative and qualitative performance of lemon balm with bio fertilizers such as mycorrhiza fungi, biophosphate fertilizer, and vermicompost.
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted in spring and summer of 2016 in a field covered by Agriculture Jihad of Guilan, located in Khoshkabijar District of Rasht, Iran. In this research, the experiment was conducted considering three factors: factorial contains mycorrhizal inoculation (M1 = non-inoculated and M2 = inoculated), phosphate biofertilizers (P1 = 0, P2 = 50 and P3 = 100 kg ha-1) and vermicompost (V1 = 0, V2 = 5 and V3 = 10 tons ha-1) layout based on a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications. Also, one plot was allocated to control in each replication and only chemical fertilizers (use of 90 kg ha-1 of fertilizer of urea, triple super phosphate 90 kg ha-1 and potassium sulfate 90 kg ha-1) and data obtained from control plot, mycorrhizal, phosphate biofertilizers, and vermicompost were used based on a randomized complete block.
Results
According to the results of this experiment, the highest number of leaf yield, essential oil percentage, biological yield, essential oil yield, total chlorophyll and carotenoids in inoculation with mycorrhiza was obtained. The application of 100 kg of phosphate biofertilizers had a significant effect on all measured biofertilizers. Fertilizer treatment of 100 kg ha-1 had the best result in all measured traits. Also, the best result was obtained with the use of 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare in biological yield (4808.2 kg ha-1), essential oil (0.13%), and total chlorophyll (1.54 mg gr-1FW). There were positive and synergic interactions between factors. For example, positive interaction between inoculation of mycorrhiza and phosphate biofertilizers on leaf yield and essential oil yield, and synergic interaction between mycorrhiza and vermicompost on biological yield were obsereved.
Discussion
The results of this study show that the treatment of inoculums with mycorrhiza, consumption of 100 kg of phosphate biofertilizers and 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare could provide the best situation to achieve the highest quantitative (5290 kg ha-1) and qualitative yield (0.26% essential oil) of lemon balm in a sustainable agricultural system.
