اثرات ژل آلوئه‌ورا و زمان انبارماني بر برخي شاخص‌هاي بيوشيميايي آريل‌هاي تازه انار با حداقل فرآوري

Effects of Aloe vera Gel and Storage Duration on Some Biochemical Indices in Minimally Processed Pomegranate Fresh Arils

اﺛﺮ روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﯿﻮه اﻧﺎر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ وﻟـﯽ اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﻣﺤﺪودي در ﻣﻮرد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ آرﯾﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎزه اﻧﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل آﻣﺎده ﻣﺼﺮف وﺟﻮد دارد. در آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي اﻧﺎر رﻗﻢ ﻣﻠﺲ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ زرد در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ 1393 از ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎغ ﺗﺠـﺎري در ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺑﺎﻏﻤﻠـﮏ )اﺳـﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن( ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ و آرﯾﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎزه ﭘﺲ از ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎ دﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ ﻫـﺎي ﺻـﻔﺮ، 5 ،2/5 و 10 درﺻـﺪ ژل آﻟﻮﺋﻪ ورا ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 8 ،4 و 12 روز در دﻣﺎي 7 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﯿﺴﯿﻮس و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ 90 درﺻﺪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻫﺮ دوره اﻧﺒﺎرداري، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺳﯿﺪ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ، ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﮐـﻞ اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﯿﺘﺮاﺳﯿﻮن، ﻓﻨﻞ ﮐﻞ، ﺷﺪت رﻧﮓ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ آﻧﺘﻮﺳﯿﺎﻧﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻮاد ﻗﻬﻮه اي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ژل آﻟﻮﺋﻪ ورا و زﻣﺎن اﻧﺒﺎرداري ﺑﺮ اﺳﯿﺪ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ، اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗﯿﺘﺮاﺳـﯿﻮن، ﻓﻨـﻞ ﮐﻞ، ﺷﺪت رﻧﮓ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ آﻧﺘﻮﺳﯿﺎﻧﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻮاد ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑـﻮد . ﺗﯿﻤـﺎر ﺑـﺎ ﻫﻤـﻪ ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ ﻫـﺎي ژل آﻟﻮﺋﻪ ورا ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﮐﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 10 درﺻـﺪ ژل آﻟﻮﺋـﻪ ورا ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ آﻧﺘﻮﺳﯿﺎﻧﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺪت اﻧﺒﺎرﻣﺎﻧﯽ،ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آرﯾـﻞ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﺎزه اﻧﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻃﯽ دوره اﻧﺒﺎرﻣﺎﻧﯽ آرﯾﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎزه اﻧﺎر، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫـﺎي 2/5 و 5 درﺻـﺪ ژل آﻟﻮﺋﻪ ورا ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺪت رﻧﮓ ﭘﺲ از 4 روز ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد در آرﯾﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎزه اﻧﺎرﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﻤـﺎم ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ژل آﻟﻮﺋﻪ ورا ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﭘﺲ از 8 و 12 روز ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﯿﺪ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﯿﻤـﺎر ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ژل آﻟﻮﺋﻪ ورا( ﺣﻔﻆ ﮔﺮدد. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ژل آﻟﻮﺋﻪ ورا ﯾﮏ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﻣﯿﺪوارﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ دﻫﯽ آرﯾﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎزه اﻧﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪن ﻧﺤـﻮه ﮐـﺎراﯾﯽ ژل ﻟﻮﺋﻪ ورا ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ آرﯾﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎزه اﻧﺎر و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺮآوري ﻻزم اﺳﺖ

The effect of different physical and chemical treatments on quality of pomegranate fruit at postharvest has been studied, but little information is available in the case of pomegranate fresh aril postharvest as a ready-to-eat product. Coating is one of the treatments to preserve the postharvest quality of the pomegranate fresh aril. Since consumer health is impotant in the selection of postharvest treatment, the use of compounds extracted from plants as wax or coating agent is a safe treatment for fresh arils. Extracted gel from leaf tissue of Aloe vera L. is an herbal gel that can be used as coating agent. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effects of Aloe vera gel on the postharvest quality of pomegranate fresh arils. Materials and Methods Pomegranate Fruits (known as ‘Malas Poost Zard’) were harvested from a commercial orchard located in Baghmalek, Khuzestan. Fresh arils were removed manually from fruits and treated with Aloe vera gel (0, 2.5, 5 and 10%). Fresh arils were stored at 7 oC, RH = 90% for 4, 8 and 12 days. Some biochemical characteristics including ascorbic acid, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolics, color intensity, anthocyanins and browning index were evaluated. Results Results showed that the interaction of Aloe vera gel concentration and storage duration had a significant effect on ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, total phenolics, color intensity, anthocyanins and browning index. All concentrations of Aloe vera gel decreased total soluble solids. The highest concentration of Aloe vera gel (10%) significantly increased anthocyanins/browning ratio. The quality of pomegranate fresh arils significantly decreased with the increase in the duration of storage. During storage condition of fresh arils, Aloe vera gel (2.5 – 5%) improved the color intensity of fresh arils after 4 days. Also, results showed that all concentrations of Aloe vera gel helped to preserve higher ascorbic acid after 8 and 12 days. Discussion Aloe vera gel improved the quality of pomegranate fresh arils. Aloe vera gel contains the different antioxidant and nutrients which may be responsible for the positive effects on quality of pomegarnate arils. Results showed that Aloe vera gel is a promising herbal product for coating pomegranate fresh arils. More research needs to be undertaken on the efficacy of Aloe vera gel on postharvest quality of pomegranate fresh arils and other minimally processed products.