پديد آورندگان :
مددي, حسين دانشگاه صنعتي خاتم الانبياء بهبهان - دانشكده منابع طبيعي - گروه محيط‌زيست , مرادي, حسين دانشگاه صنعتي صنعتي اصفهان - دانشكده منابع طبيعي - گروه محيط‌زيست , سفيانيان, علي رضا دانشگاه صنعتي صنعتي اصفهان - دانشكده منابع طبيعي - گروه محيط‌زيست , سلمان ماهيني, عبدالرسول دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي گرگان - دانشكده شيلات و محيط‌زيست - گروه محيط‌زيست
چكيده فارسي :
ﺟﺎدهﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤّﯽ در آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﻮمﺳـﺎزﮔﺎن ﻫـﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾـﺪاري آن ﻫـﺎ دارﻧـﺪ. ﻫـﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اراﺋﮥ روش ﻧﻈﺎمﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑـﻮم ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﮑﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ آﺛﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺟﺎدهﻫـ ﺎ اﺳـﺖ. در ﻧﻮﺷـﺘﺎر ﭘـﯿﺶ رو ﻓﺮاﯾﻨـﺪ ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﺑﻌـﺎد آﺳـﯿﺐ ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي، ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ و ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ ﺳـﺎزي ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ، اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﺳﺎزي ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ آﺳـﯿﺐ ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﺑـﻮم ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ داراﺑﻮدن ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧﺎص ﺑﻮمﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و وﺟـﻮد ﺷـﺒﮑﮥ ﺟـ ﺎدهاي ﻣﻬـﻢ در اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﮐﺎﻻ و ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﮥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﮥ ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪ. ﺑـﺮاي ﮐﻤّـﯽ ﺳـﺎزي ﺳـﻪ ﺑدﻌـﺪ آﺳــﯿﺐ ﭘــﺬﯾﺮي ﺑــﻮمﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺴّﺎﺳــﯿﺖ، درﻣﻌــﺮض ﺗــﻨﺶﺑــﻮدن و ﻇﺮﻓﯿــﺖ ﺳــﺎزﮔﺎري از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮدﺷﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﯿﻤﺎي ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺟﺎده، ﺑدﻌﺪ ﻓﺮاﮐﺘـﺎل، ﻫﻤﺴـﺎﯾﮕﯽ ﺳـﮑﻮﻧﺖ ﮔـﺎﻫﯽ، ﺻﺪاي ﺟﺎده، ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿّﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﺗّﺼـﺎﻻت ﺳـﯿﻤﺎي ﺳـﺮزﻣﯿﻦ و درﺟـﮥ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳـﺘﺮس ﻧﺎﺷـﯽ از ﺟـﺎده ﺑـﺮ زﯾﺴﺖﮔﺎهﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﺰار در ﻣﺤﺪودهاي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ 157270 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، وارد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺴّﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ در ﺣﺪود 795132 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر )28/1%( از ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﯽدﻫﻨـﺪ؛ اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣـﺪل آﺳـﯿﺐ ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ از ﮐـﻞّ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﮥ ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺑـﺎ آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﯿﻠﯽﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ، ﻣﺘﻮﺳّﻂ، ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺧﯿﻠﯽﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ 2/5%، 52%، 42/1%، 3/1% و 0/3% از ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس اﯾـﻦ، ﺣـﺪود ﻧﯿﻤـﯽ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﮥ ﻣـﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﺷﺪّت آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺘﻮﺳّﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣـﺮ اﻫﻤّﯿـﺖ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ درزﻣﯿﻨﮥ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﺑـﻮم ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺤـﯿﻂ زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ ﻃـﺮح ﻫـﺎ و ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪاي را ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد.
چكيده لاتين :
Roads, as the main artificial linear structures in any landscape, have an
important role in the vulnerability of natural ecosystems and their
sustainability. The purpose of this research is to introduce a systematic
method for ecological vulnerability assessment to be used in road site
selection and environmental impact assessment procedure. Five steps of the
vulnerability assessment are involved in this study; like determining the
indices of vulnerability dimensions, calculating and mapping the indices,
standardization of the indices, determining the vulnerability index and
analysis of local variability. Lorestan province was selected as the case
study due to its ecological properties and the presence of important road
network to transfer goods and passengers. Indices like infrastructure
fragmentation index, fractal dimension, residential neighborhood index,
road traffic noise, erosion, topographic position index, and landscape
connectivity index and dominance degree have been applied to quantify
sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity as major components of the
vulnerability. The findings show that the highest tension of road events is
on the woodland habitat in 157270 ha. Besides, the regions with a high
degree of sensitivity cover 28/1% (795132 ha) of the total study area.
Wetland and temperate grassland habitats have the least adaptive capacity.
Furthermore, the vulnerability classes in very low, low, moderate, high, and
very high cover 2/5%, 52%, 42/1%, 3/1% and 0/3% of the total study area
respectively. Therefore, approximately half of the province has the
vulnerability degree in over average. This study showed the importance of
the ecological vulnerability evaluation in environmental impact studies of
development projects.
