شناسايي عوامل مؤثّر بر پايداري كسب وكارهاي كوچك مناطق زلزله زده استان كرمانشاه

Identifying the Effective Factors on the Sustainability of Small Businesses in Earthquake-Stricken Areas of Kermanshah Province

زلزله، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ و ﻣﺨـﺮّب ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﺣـﻮادث ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﯽ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻣـﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ در روﻧـﺪ ﻓﻌلﺎﻟﯿلـﺖ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎرﻫﺎ اﺧﺘﻼل و وﻗﻔﮥ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮده و ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺖ و درآﻣﺪ ﺑﺎزﻣﺎﻧـﺪﮔﺎن از ﺳـﺎﻧﺤﻪ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﮕﺬارد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ و ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺤـﻮة ﺑـﺎزآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾـﺪاري ﮐﺴـﺐ وﮐﺎرﻫـﺎي آﺳﯿﺐ دﯾﺪه و ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐﺷﺪه و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛّﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎزآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ آنﻫـﺎ، ﭘـﺲ از زﻟﺰﻟـﮥ ﺳـﺎل 1396 ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸـﺎه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ازﻧﻮع ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑـﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﯾـﻪ ﭘـﺮدازي داده ﺑﻨﯿـﺎد اﺳـﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﮥ ﻣـﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ را ﻣﺎﻟﮑﺎن ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي آﺳﯿﺐ دﯾﺪه و ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐﺷﺪة ﺷﻬﺮي و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﯿﻦ دوﻟﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ زﻟﺰﻟﻪزدة اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ داده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي ﺑـﻪ روش ﻧﻈـﺮي ﺑـﻮد و ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪي از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ . ﺑـﺮ اﯾـﻦ اﺳـﺎس ، 56 ﻣﺼـﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑـ ﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﺎن ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﻦ دوﻟﺘﯽ، ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ . داده ﻫـﺎ ﺑـ ﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﮥ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳـ ﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻣﻨﺪ ﮔـﺮدآوري و ﺑـ ﺎ راﻫﺒـﺮد ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻣﻨـﺪ اﺳـﺘﺮاوس و ﮐـﻮرﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﻨﺠﺶ رواﯾﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، از روشﻫﺎي درﮔﯿﺮي ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽﻣـﺪلت ﭘﮋوﻫﺸـﮕﺮ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، روش ﻣﺜﻠﺚﺳﺎزي و ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﻋﻀﺎء اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺎﯾـﺎﯾﯽ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻮﻟﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ و 82% ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿلﺖ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي اﺳﺘﻘﺮاﯾﯽ دادهﻫـﺎي ﺑـﻪ دﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪه از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﻃﯽ ﺳﻪ روﯾﻪ ﮐُﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎز، ﻣﺤﻮري و اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣـﺆﺛّﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺎﯾـﺪاري ﮐﺴﺐ وﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺤﺮان زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﭘـﺮدازي داده ﺑﻨﯿـﺎد ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ 263 ﮐُـﺪ، 58 ﻣﻔﻬﻮم و 16 ﻣﻘﻮﻟﮥ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﺴﺎب ﻣﻘﻮﻟـﮥ ﻣﺤـﻮري، ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺷـﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎزآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﺴﺐوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي آﺳـﯿﺐ دﯾـﺪه و ﺗﺨﺮﯾـﺐ ﺷـﺪة ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ زﻟﺰﻟـﻪ زده ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ اﺑﻌـﺎد ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ را ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻣﻌﺎش و ﮐﺴﺐ درآﻣﺪ ﺑﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ.

Earthquake is one of the most important and destructive natural disasters that can disrupt the business process and cause a long interruption affecting the livelihoods and income of the survivors. The purpose of this study was to investigate and identify not only the ways in which small businesses are restored and damaged but also their effective factors after the earthquake of 2017 in Kermanshah. The research is a kind of qualitative type based on grounded theory. The study population consisted of the owners of damaged and destroyed urban and rural businesses as well as government officials in Kermanshah province; earthquake-prone areas. The sampling method was a theoretical one using targeted and snowball techniques. Accordingly, 56 interviews were conducted with urban and rural business owners and government officials. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis using Strauss and Corbin strategy. Long-term researcher engagement methods, triangulation method and member control technique were used in order to evaluate the validity of the research. The reliability of the study was calculated using Holsti's formula which was 82%. Inductive Content Analysis Results of Interview Data, Through Three Open, Axial, and Selective Coding Procedures, to Identify and summarize factors affecting small business sustainability after the earthquake crisis based on grounded theory, including 263 Codes, 52 concepts and 14 subcategories, with the axial category included. Based on the findings of the study, the primacy or synchronization of the reconstruction of damaged and demolished businesses with other aspects of post-crisis reconstruction could provide the basis for the livelihoods of the survivors to continue.