بررسي ضرورت ايجاد پليس آب به‌منظور نظارت بر منابع آب زيرزميني در روستاهاي ايج، جوين و صوفي‌آباد شهرستان سرخه سمنان

Studying the Requirement of Water Police to Control Groundwater Resources in the Villages Iij, Jovin and Soufiabad of Sorkheh - Semnan

افت ﺳـﻔﺮه ﻫـ ﺎي آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨـ ﯽ ﯾﮑـ ﯽ از ﭼـﺎﻟﺶ ﻫـ ﺎي ﻣﻬـﻢ ﮐﺸـﻮر، ﺑـﻪ وﯾـﮋه در ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸـﮏ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺸﮑﻼت زﯾﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ آب در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻣـ ﯽ ﺷـﻮ د. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛّﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﺳـﻄﺢ آب ﻫـ ﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨـ ﯽ و اراﺋـ ﮥ راﻫﮑـﺎر ﭘﻠﯿﺲ آب ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺑﻬﺘﺮ آب ﻫـ ﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨـ ﯽ، در ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﺳـﺮﺧ ﮥ اﺳـﺘﺎن ﺳـﻤﻨﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎري در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤ ﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ روﺳـﺘ ﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺳـﺎﮐﻦ در روﺳـﺘﺎﻫ ﺎي اﯾـ ﺞ، ﺟﻮﯾﻦ و ﺻﻮﻓﯽ آﺑﺎد ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺮﺧﮥ ﺳﻤﻨﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان ﺗﻌﯿـﯿ ﻦ ﺷﺪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد 160 ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ ﺳـﻨﺠﺶ ﻧﮕـﺮش ﺳـﺎﮐﻨ ﯿﻦ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـ ﻞ ﻋـﺎﻣﻠ ﯽ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮات اﻋﻀﺎي ﺷﻮراﻫﺎ، ادارة آب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي و دﻫﯿﺎري ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ و ﻓﻦّ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ذﻫﻨﯽ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ. ﻧﺘـ ﺎﯾﺞ ﺑـﻪ دﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪه در ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﺆﻟّﻔـ ﮥ ﭘﻠـ ﯿﺲ آب ﺗﻮاﻧﺴـﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ در ﺣـﺪود 87/4% وارﯾـ ﺎﻧﺲ را ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﻟّﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـ ﯿﻦ ﺑـ ﺎ ﺗﻮﺟ ـﻪ ﻧﺘـ ﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻌﯿﺎره، ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻔﺮه ﻫﺎي آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ در اﯾﻦ روﺳـ ﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﺑﯽ روﯾﻪ و ﺑﺪون ﻧﻈﺎرت و ﺣﻔﺮ ﭼﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺖ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺸـﺖ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻت ﺑـ ﺎ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﭘـﯿﺶ رو و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛّﺮ در ﻧﻈﺎرت و ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ آب ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ، اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻠـ ﯿﺲ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ راﻫﮑﺎري ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻈﺎرت و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﻏﯿﺮ اﺻـﻮ ﻟﯽ از ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ آب ز ﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨـ ﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺆﺛّﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان داﻧﺶ اﻓﺮاد و ﻓﺮاﻫﻢﮐـﺮدن اﻣﮑﺎﻧـﺎت ﺑـﺮا ي اﯾـ ﻦ ﺑﺨـﺶ ، اﻫﻤ ﯿ ـ ﺖ زﯾﺎدي دارد؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ درﺧﺼﻮص اﯾﺠﺎد آن در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺗﻤﻬﯿـ ﺪات ﻻزم ﺻـﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮد.

Depletion of groundwater is one of the main challenges in Iran especially in the arid and semi-arid lands. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that affect the reduction of groundwater levels and provide a water police strategy for a better management and groundwater monitoring in Sorkheh city of Semnan province. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the research includes villagers living in Iij, Jouin and Sufi Abad. The sample size was determined 160 using Cochran's formula, and factor analyses were used for the data. In the qualitative section of the councils, the regional water company and village administrators were used to analyze the data, the design of mental mapping and content analysis. According to the factor analysis results, water police factor can determine 87.4 of variance compared with other factors which had a high influence on the finding. Based on the results of multi-criteria analysis, the most important reason for the reduction of groundwater aquifers in these villages is the overexploitation and drilling of unauthorized wells. Besides, farm cultivation with high water need can increase water consumption causing stress on the water resources in the study area. According to the conducted survey, the water police can be considered as an approach to monitor and control unconventional exploitation of groundwater resources. On the other hand, to achieve this goal knowledge and preparing the necessary equipment can play a key role in this section. Thus, it needs necessary plans to establish it in the related organization.