اﺛﺮ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف زﻋﻔﺮان ﺑﺮ روﻧﺪ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ و ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي در ﻣﻮﺷﻬﺎي آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮي ﻣﺪل ﺗﺮﯾﻤﺘﯿﻠﺘﯿﻦ

The Effect of Eight Weeks Moderate-Intensity Endurance Training With Saffron Intake on Memory and Learning in Rats With Trimethytin Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ دارﻧﺪ، اﻣﺎ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ورزﺷﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف زﻋﻔﺮان ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮي ﺑﻪ درﺳﺘﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺘﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ زﻋﻔﺮان ﺑﺮ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﮐﺎري و ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ اﺣﺘﺮازي ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل در ﻣﻮشﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮروﺗﻮﮐﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺪﻟﯽ از ﺑﯿﻤﺎري آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ 40 ﺳﺮ ﻣﻮش ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ ﻧﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ از ﻧﮋاد اﺳﭙﺮاگ داوﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ درون ﺻﻔﺎﻗﯽ 8 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم وزن ﺑﺪن ﺣﯿﻮان، ﺳﻢ ﺗﺮيﻣﺘﯿﻞﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮ ﺷﺪه و در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي (1) ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮ، (2) ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺘﯽ (3) ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺘﯽ و ﻣﺼﺮف زﻋﻔﺮان )4( ﻣﺼﺮف زﻋﻔﺮان و (5) ﺷﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات اﻟﻘﺎء ﺑﯿﻤﺎري آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ 8 ﺳﺮ ﻣﻮش ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ در ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻮشﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي 2 و 3 ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ، ﺳﻪ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ، ﻫﺮ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ15 ﺗﺎ 30 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ 15 ﺗﺎ 20 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻮارﮔﺮدان وﯾﮋه ﻣﻮشﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ دوﯾﺪﻧﺪ و ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي 3 و 4 ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ روزاﻧﻪ 25 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم از وزن ﺑﺪن ﻣﻮشﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره آﺑﯽ زﻋﻔﺮان را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺻﻔﺎﻗﯽ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. آزﻣﻮن ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﮐﺎري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺎز (Y- Maze) و ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ اﺣﺘﺮازي ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﺎﮐﺲ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از آزﻣﻮن آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺒﯽ ﺗﻮﮐﯽ و آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ دو ﻃﺮﻓﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻋﺼﺎره آﺑﯽ زﻋﻔﺮان ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﮐﺎري (0/002=P و 11/09= F ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺘﯽ و 0/01=P و 7/51=F ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺼﺎره زﻋﻔﺮان) و ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ اﺣﺘﺮازي ﻏﯿﺮﻓﻌﺎل (0/001=P و 22/20= F ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺘﯽ و 0/001=P و 25/83=F ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺼﺎره زﻋﻔﺮان) در ﻣﻮشﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺘﯽ و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻋﺼﺎره آﺑﯽ زﻋﻔﺮان در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﺳﭙﺮي ﺷﺪه در ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﮏ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد (0/001=P و 23/07= F). اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ و ﻋﺼﺎره آﺑﯽ زﻋﻔﺮان در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ورود ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﮏ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درﺻﺪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﯽ در ﻣﻮشﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺳﻢ ﺗﺮيﻣﺘﯿﻞﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺘﯽ و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻋﺼﺎره آﺑﯽ زﻋﻔﺮان ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﮐﺎري و ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ اﺣﺘﺮازي در ﻣﻮشﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺳﻢ ﺗﺮيﻣﺘﯿﻞﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدﻧﺪ.

Background Purpose: Although studies that emphasize the importance of exercise exist, the interaction effects of exercise with saffron intake on cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s patients are not well known. The aim of present study was to examine the effect of eight weeks endurance training with saffron intake on working memory and passive avoidance memory in rats treated with neurotoxin as a model of Alzheimer’s disease. Methodology: In this experiment, forty mature Sprague-dawley male rats were subjected to Alzheimer’s disease through intraperitoneally injection of 8 mg/kg Trimethytin (TMT) and then were divided into 1) Alzheimer-infected control group, 2) endurance training, 3) endurance training with saffron intake, 4) saffron intake, and 5) sham to study the impact of the disease on the variables. Eight healthy rats were assigned to the control group. The rats in the second and the third groups ran on a rat treadmill with the speed of 15 to 20 meters per minute for 15 to 30 minutes in each session, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The rats in the third and the fourth groups received daily IP injections of 25 mg/kg body weight of saffron liquid extract for 8 weeks. Working memory and passive avoidance memory were measured through Y-maze test and shuttle box text, respectively. To analyze the results of the tests, one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test, and two-way ANOVA were run using SPSS. Results: The data indicated that the endurance training alone and the intake of saffron liquid extract could significantly improve the working memory (F=11.09 and P=0.002 for endurance training and F=7.51 and P=0.01 for saffron liquid) and passive avoidance memory (F=22.20 and P=0.001 for endurance training and F=25.83 and P=0.01 for saffron liquid) in Alzheimer-infected rats. Also, the effect of the interaction of the endurance training and the saffron liquid extract in reducing the time spent in the dark chamber was significant (F=23.07 and P=0.001) while this interaction was not significant in increasing the time spent in the dark chamber and the percentage of the intermittent behavior of the rats in the TMT model of Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusion: It seems that endurance training and saffron liquid extract intake, improve the working memory and passive avoidance in rats with Alzheimer’s disease in TMT model.