اثر كانون توجه دستورالعمل آموزشي و پيچيدگي مهارت بر اجرا و يادگيري ضربه بيليارد

The Effects of on Instruction Focus of Attention and Skill Complexity on Performance and Learning of Billiard Shot

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺟﺮا و ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ دارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺑﺮ اﺟﺮا و ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻠﯿﺎرد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ 48 دﺧﺘﺮ داﻧﺸﺠﻮي داوﻃﻠﺐ در داﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﯽ 19-23 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺳﺎده و ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ و ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن در دو زﯾﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دروﻧﯽ و ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﻫﻤﺴﺎنﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ، آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي اﮐﺘﺴﺎب، ﯾﺎدداري )ﺑﻌﺪ از 2 و 10 روز( و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. دﻗﺖ ﺿﺮﺑﺎت ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺗﻮپ از ﮔﻮدال اﻣﺘﯿﺎزﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار دﻗﺖ اﺟﺮا در آزﻣﻮن اﮐﺘﺴﺎب و ﯾﺎدداري ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎ، در آزﻣﻮن ﯾﺎدداري ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻬﺎرت ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه و در آزﻣﻮن اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن را ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دروﻧﯽ ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد )0/05

Background and purpose: The effect of focus of attention on performance and learning is dependent on task characteristics. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of focus of attention and skill complexity on performance and learning of billiard shot. Methodology: Participants were 48 volunteer female students in age range 19-23 yr. who were assigned randomly into simple and complex skill groups and each group were matched to internal and external focus subgroups based on pretest. After 8 practice sessions, acquisition, retention (after 2 and 10 days), and transfer tests were performed. Shots accuracy was scored based on distance of ball contact from pocket. Results: The results of Friedman test were indicated significant acquisition and short-term retention for all groups, significant delayed retention for complex skill, and significant transfer for internal focus complex task group (p Conclusion: The results of the present study doubted and questioned the interaction of attention and complexity on motor performance and learning