مقايسة سير تكاملي تمرين ووشو كاران سطوح مختلف رقابتي

Comparison of evolutionary process of practice in Wushu athletes at Various Levels of Competition

پژوﻫﺶﻫﺎ در ﻣﻮرد ﻓﺮاﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻬﺎرت ورزﺷﻲ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ را در ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﺷﺪن ﭘﺮرﻧﮓ ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﻲ ووﺷﻮﻛﺎران ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. 50 ﻣﺪالآور ووﺷﻮ (30ﻣﺪالآور در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺸﻮري و 20 ﻣﺪالآور در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ) ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دردﺳﺘﺮس و ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ورزﺷﻲ ورزﺷﻜﺎران ﻫﻮپوود (2013)، ﺳﻦ ﺷﺮوع و ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ووﺷﻮ، ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ورزﺷﻬﺎ، ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻨﺎت آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ و آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ ذﻫﻨﻲ و رواﻧﻲ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. دادهﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ، آزﻣﻮن ﻛﻮوارﻳﺎﻧﺲ و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﺪالآوران اﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ و ﻛﺸﻮري در ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪه، ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎزي ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪه، ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎزي و ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻬﺎي رواﻧﻲ از ﺳﻦ 16 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲرﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻻزم ﻧﻴﺴﺖ در ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﻮدﻛﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزي و ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪه ورزشﻫﺎﻳﻲ )ورزش ووﺷﻮ (ﻛﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ اوج ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ورزﺷﻲ دﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ.

Introduction and goal: researchs about learning sports skills, play a vital role in professional practice has highlighted. The goal of current research is to compare history of expertise exercise practices between national and provincial wushu medalists. Methodology: To this end, 50 wushu medalists (30 medalists at the country level and 20 medalists at the provincial level) were selected using available and purposive sampling methods. The age of beginning and the amount of wushu exercises, other sports exercises, physical fitness exercises and mental and psychological fitness exercises of wushu practitioners and the amount of social support were recorded using the Hopwood (2013) developmental history of athletes questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANCOVA, and the phi coefficient. Results: The findings of this study showed that the only difference was observed between the provincial and national medalists in terms of the amount of using wushu private training programs, bodybuilding and mental skills private training programs has been the age of 16 years. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that it is not necessary at an early age to do play and deliberate practice in sports that peak performance is late.