اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﮥ اﺳﭙﺎرك ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ- ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﮐﻢ ﺷﻨﻮاي ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺣﻠﺰون

Effect of SPARK Program on Visual-Motor Skills of Children With Profound Hearing Loss and a Cochlear Implant

ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺛﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﮥ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ-ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن 3-6 ﺳﺎل ﮐﻢ ﺷﻨﻮاي ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺣﻠﺰون ﺑﻮد . ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ از ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﻮاﻧﺒﺨﺸﯽ ﭘﮋواك در ﺗﻬﺮان اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺮات آزﻣﻮن ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ-ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﮔﺎردﻧﺮ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ )ده ﻧﻔﺮ( و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل (دوازده ﻧﻔﺮ) ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. از دو ﮔﺮوه ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ-ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ (TVMSR) ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪ. در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﭙﺎرك ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ، ﻫﻔﺘﻪاي ﺳﻪ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 45 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺗﻤﺎم زﻣﺎن ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ از ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. از آزﻣﻮن آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ(آﻧﮑﻮوا) ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ (0/05=α). ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻧﻤﺮات ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ-ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻧﺒﻮد اﻣﺎ، اﯾﻨﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﭙﺎرك ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ – ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ (0/002=p)، ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ (0/010=p) و ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ – ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ (0/002=p) ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﮥ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ اﺳﭙﺎرك ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ-ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﮐﻢ ﺷﻨﻮاي ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺣﻠﺰون ﺷﻮد.

Background&Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a selected motor program on visual-motor skills of children (3 to 6 years) with profound hearing loss and a cochlear implant. Methodology: Participants were selected purposefully from a rehabilitation center in Tehran and divided into two groups experiment (n=10) and control (n=12) according to their scores on Gardner’s Test of Visual-Motor Skills. Visual-motor skill pretest was taken from two control and experimental groups by the test of visual motor skills revised (TVMSR). The experiment group subjects contributed in the SPARK program for 8 weeks, three sessions per week with 45 minutes in each session. Results: A posttest was taken of both groups after completion the course of intervention program. Analyze of Covariance test were conducted for data analysis (α = 0.05). Results showed that there was no significant difference between groups for TVMSR score before the intervention program but, it was significant after program course. However, effect of the program on visual spatial skill (P=0.002), visual analysis skills (P=0.010) and visual motor integration (P=0.002) was significant. Conclusion:In conclusion, appropriate training opportunities may lead to improvement on visual-motor skills in children with profound hearing loss and a cochlear implant.