بررسي تأثير تمرين تناوبي هوازي و عصارة عناب بر عوامل آپوپتوزي در رتهاي مبتلا به سكتۀ قلبي

The Study of the Effect of Interval Aerobic Training and Ziziphus Jujuba Extract on Apoptotic Factors in Rats with Myocardial Infarction

اﯾﺴﮑﻤﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي واﮐﻨﺶﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﮐﺴﯿﮋن 1و ﺗﻨﺶ اﮐﺴﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ، ﺑﺎ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻏﺸﺎ و ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﯿﺮﻫﺎي آﭘﻮﭘﺘﻮز ﺑﻪ آﺳﯿﺐ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داراي ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ ﺿﺪاﮐﺴﺎﯾﺸﯽ، ﻋﻨﺎب اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ رادﯾﮑﺎلﻫﺎي آزاد را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﯽ ﻫﻮازي و ﻋﺼﺎرة ﻋﻨﺎب ﺑﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ آﭘﻮﭘﺘﻮزي در رتﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﮑﺘﮥ ﻗﻠﺒﯽ ﺑﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺗﻌﺪاد 36 ﺳﺮ رت ﻧﺮ ﻧﮋاد وﯾﺴﺘﺎر ﮐﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻘـﺎي اﯾﺴـﮑﻤﯽ ﻗﻠﺒـﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺰرﯾـﻖ زﯾﺮﺟﻠﺪي اﯾﺰوﭘﺮﻧﺎﻟﯿﻦ دﭼﺎر ﺳﮑﺘﮥ ﻗﻠﺒﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. رتﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺷﺶ ﮔﺮوه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﺎﻟﻢ، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﮑﺘﻪ، ﺷﻢ، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﮑﺘﻪ+ ﻋﺼﺎرة ﻋﻨﺎب، ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﯽ ﻫﻮازي+ ﺳﮑﺘﻪ، ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﺎوﻣﯽ ﻫﻮازي+ﺳﮑﺘﻪ+ﻋﺼﺎرة ﻋﻨﺎب ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﯽ ﻫﻮازي ﺑﺎ 5 ﺗﻨﺎوب 4 دﻗﯿﻘﻪاي ﻣﻌﺎدل 70-75 VO2max% ، و اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺖ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﺎ 5 ﺗﻨﺎوب 4 دﻗﯿﻘﻪاي ﻣﻌﺎدل55-60 VO2max% اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﭘﯿﺮو-وﯾﻠﮏ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮑﻄﺮﻓﻪ و آزﻣﻮن ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺒﯽ ﺗﻮﮐﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ 0/05<α ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد در ﮔﺮوه ﺳﮑﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﺳﺎﻟﻢ، اﻟﻘﺎي ﺳﮑﺘﻪ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﮥ اﯾﺰوﭘﺮﻧﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﮐﺎﺳﭙﺎز3 ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻗﻠﺐ را ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ (0/05P). ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﯾﻦ در ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﯽ ﻫﻮازي+ﻋﺼﺎرة ﻋﻨﺎب اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري در ﺷﺎﺧﺺ 2-Bcl ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ (0/05P(. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ، ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﯽ ﻫﻮازي و ﻋﺼﺎرة ﻋﻨﺎب ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ 2-Bcl ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻬﺎر آﭘﻮﭘﺘﻮز ﺳﻠﻮلﻫﺎي ﻗﻠﺒﯽ ﭘﺲ از وﻗﻮع ﺳﮑﺘﮥ ﻗﻠﺒﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻗﻠﺒﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Ischemia increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress which leads to cellular damage, either through directly affecting membrane and proteins or indirectly stimulating apoptotic pathways. One of the plants with anti-oxidative effect is Jujube, which can decrease the production of free radicals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interval aerobic training and Jujube extract on apoptotic factors in rats with myocardial infarction. In this experimental study, 36 male wistar rats which received myocardial infarction with cardiac ischemia induced by subcutaneous injection of Isoprenaline were selected. The rats were then randomly assigned to one of the following six groups: control-healthy, control infraction, sham, control infraction + jujube extract, interval aerobic training + infarction, interval aerobic training + infarction + jujube extract. The interval aerobic training protocol consisted of five 4-min. sets at 70-75%Vo2max, and five 4-min. sets of active rests with 55-60%Vo2max. Data were analyzed applying Shapiro–Wilk test, One-way ANOVA, and Tukey post-hoc test at >α0.05. The results showed that Isoprenaline-induced infarction significantly increased the caspase3 levels of the heart tissue in the infarction group compared with the healthy group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between interval aerobic training, jujube extract and training + extract group and infarction group in this index (P>0.05). Interval aerobic training + jujube extract showed a significant increase in Bcl-2 index of heart tissue (P<0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in other groups in this index (P>0.05). Therefore, it seems that interval aerobic training and jujube extract can help to suppress heart cell apoptosis after myocardial infarction and also decrease the damage to the heart tissue by increasing Bcl-2 in the heart tissue.