پاﺳﺦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻮدﮐﺎر ﻗﻠﺒﯽ، اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﯾﯽ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ

The Response of Autonomous Heart System, Plasma Electrolytes and Blood Pressure to Aerobic Exercises in Different Training Conditions

ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺟﺮاي ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﻣﺪت در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و آﺑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮلﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن اﺳﺖ. 30 ﻣﺮد ﺟﻮان ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ(ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل؛ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر، ﺳﻦ 1/39± 26/8 ﺳﺎل؛ ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ؛ 1/85± 25/9 ﺳﺎل و ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ آﺑﯽ؛ 1/71± 4/ 26ﺳﺎل) ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ورزﺷﯽ ﻫﻮازي در ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و آب ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ 70 درﺻﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠﺐ ذﺧﯿﺮه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 3 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯽ روزاﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. در دورة ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﮥ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ، ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠﺐ، ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن و اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮑﺮاﻫﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار در ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠﺐ (0/01=P) و ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻌﻨﺎدار در ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﯾﯽ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن ﻣﯽﺷﻮد )0/05≥P(. وﻟﯽ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ آﺑﯽ در ﻫﯿﭻﯾﮏ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺿﺮﺑﺎن ﻗﻠﺐ، اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﯾﯽ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻧﺸﺎن ﻧﺪاد (0/05≥P). ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ اﺟﺮاي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ورزﺷﯽ ﻫﻮازي در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً از ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﺼﺒﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﻧﺪك ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ آﺑﯽ را ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻋﺼﺒﯽ و اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ داد و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي اﺛﺮﮔﺬار دﯾﮕﺮي در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﯿﺎز دارﻧﺪ.

The aim of this study was to investigate different effects of short-term aerobic exercises in land and water environments on blood pressure controlling mechanisms. 30 healthy young men were selected as study subjects. Then, all subjects were randomly divided into study groups (control group: mean ± SD, age 26.8 ± 1.39 years, land aerobic exercise group: 25.9 ± 1.85 years and water aerobic exercise group: 26.4 ± 1.71 years). The intervention groups participated in aerobic exercises in land and water with an intensity of approximately 70% of heart rate reserve for 3 weeks with consecutive daily sessions. All parameters of heart rate variability, plasma electrolytes and blood pressure were measured in the pretest and after exercise intervention. In order to compare differences through research stages, one-way ANOVA was used. The results showed that aerobic exercise in land environment made a significant difference in the parameters of heart rate variability (P=0.01) and insignificant difference in plasma electrolytes and blood pressure compared with the control group (P≥0.05). But, aerobic exercise in water environment showed no significant difference in heart rate variability, plasma electrolytes and blood pressure (P≥0.05). In general, it can be concluded that the aerobic exercise in land is likely to affect the blood pressure levels through the path of the nervous control. However, little control of blood pressure levels following aerobic exercise in water cannot be attributed to neural changes and plasma electrolytes, and there may be other influential factors in this regard that need further investigation.