پديد آورندگان :
سهرابي، يوسف دانشگاه كردستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , احمدي، امير دانشگاه كردستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , حيدري، غلامرضا دانشگاه كردستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , سي وسه مرده، عادل دانشگاه كردستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
كليدواژه :
آنزيمهاي آنتي اكسيدانت , تغذيه گياهي , ذرت دانه اي , فتوسنتز , كم آبياري
چكيده فارسي :
به‌منظور بررسي تأثير كاربرد كود گوگرد و روي بر خصوصيات فيزيولوژيك و عملكرد دانه ذرت تحت شرايط تنش خشكي، آزمايشي در بهار سال 1389 در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشگاه كردستان اجرا گرديد. آزمايش به‌صورت اسپليت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح پايه بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي در چهار تكرار انجام شد. آبياري در سه سطح آبياري كامل، تنش ملايم و تنش شديدخشكي، به‌عنوان سطوح فاكتور اصلي در نظر گرفته شد و مصرف كود گوگرد در دو سطح (عدم مصرف كود گوگرد و مصرف 30 كيلوگرم در هكتار) و كاربرد كود روي در دو سطح (عدم مصرف كود روي و مصرف يك كيلوگرم در هكتار)، به‌صورت فاكتوريل در كرت‌هاي فرعي قرار گرفتند. نتايج نشان داد تنش خشكي باعث كاهش محتوي نسبي آب برگ، فتوسنتز و عملكرد دانه ذرت گرديد و با افزايش شدت تنش خشكي، مقادير اين صفات به ميزان بيشتري كاهش يافت. كاربرد كود گوگرد و روي باعث افزايش مقادير اين صفات و كاهش درصد آسيب به غشاي سلولي گرديد؛ اما اثرات مثبت روي بر اين صفات كمتر از گوگرد بود. كاربرد كود گوگرد در شرايط آبياري كامل و تنش شديد خشكي به ترتيب عملكرد دانه ذرت را 50 و 45 درصد افزايش داد. حداكثر عملكرد دانه به ميزان 1305.21گرم در مترمربع درشرايط آبياري مطلوب و مصرف كود گوگرد وحداقل آن به ميزان 519.61 گرم در مترمربع در شرايط تنش شديد خشكي هم‌زمان با عدم مصرف گوگرد حاصل گرديد. نتايج نشان داد استفاده از كود گوگرد اگرچه نتوانست به‌طور كامل مانع از تأثير تنش خشكي بر عملكرد دانه ذرت شود ولي تا حدود زيادي اثر آن را تعديل نمود و بنابراين كاربرد كود گوگرد و روي به‌ويژه گوگرد مي‌تواند در شرايط آبياري مطلوب و كم‌آبياري، مفيد و قابل توصيه باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
Water deficit stress is one of the most important restrictive factors of crop yield. In arid and semi-arid regions of world, the seasonal drought is the most important restrictive factor of development cultivating and corn production. Deficit of nutrients in soil and sufficient inaccessibility to nutrients is from factors that aggravate the drought effects on plant. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted in order to study of the effect of zinc and sulfur fertilizers application levels on physiological characteristics and grain yield of maize under drought stress condition.The results showed that drought stress reduced relative water content of leaf, photosynthesis and grain yield, and with increasing severity of drought stress, amounts of these traits were intensively decreased. The sulfur and zinc fertilizers application increased amount of this traits and decreased percent of cell membrane damage. However, positive effects of zinc on these traits were lesser than sulfur. Sulfur application increased maize grain yield 50% and 45% under full irrigation and severe drought stress, respectively. Results indicated that use of sulfur fertilizer failed to prevent the effect of drought stress on grain yield but largely moderated its effects and thus, sulfur and zinc fertilizers application, especially sulfur can be useful and advisable in full irrigation and deficit irrigation conditions.In order to study of the effect of zinc and sulfur fertilizers application levels on physiological characteristics and grain yield of maize under drought stress condition, an experiment was conducted in research farm of university of Kurdistan in spring of 2009. The experiment was arranged in split-plot factorial based a randomized complete block with four replications. Three irrigation levels, including full irrigation(-2 bar), moderate drought stress(-7 bar) and severe drought stress(-12 bar) was allocated to main plots. Two sulfur application levels, including non-application(control) and application of 30 kg/ha and two zinc application levels as spraying of 1 kg/ha and non-application(control) were considered as sub factors. In order to study of the effect of zinc and sulfur fertilizers application levels on physiological characteristics and grain yield of maize under drought stress condition, an experiment was conducted in research farm of university of Kurdistan in spring of 2009. The experiment was arranged in split-plot factorial based a randomized complete block with four replications. Three irrigation levels, including full irrigation (-2 bar), moderate drought stress (-7 bar) and severe drought stress (-12 bar) was allocated to main plots. Two sulphur application levels, including non-application (control) and application of 30 kg/ha and two zinc application levels as spraying of 1 kg/ha and non-application (control) were considered as sub factors. The results showed that drought stress reduced relative water content of leaf, photosynthesis and grain yield, and with increasing severity of drought stress, amounts of these traits were intensively decreased. The sulphur and zinc fertilizers application increased amount of this traits and decreased percent of cell membrane damage. However, positive effects of zinc on these traits were lesser than sulfur. Sulfur application increased maize grain yield 50% and 45% under full irrigation and severe drought stress, respectively. Results indicated that use of sulfur fertilizer failed to prevent the effect of drought stress on grain yield but largely moderated its effects and thus, sulfur and zinc fertilizers application, especially sulfur can be useful and advisable in full irrigation and deficit irrigation conditions.
