تاثير كودهاي زيستي بر عملكرد و برخي صفات بيوشيميايي و فيزيولوژيك جو رقم سهند تحت شرايط ديم و آبياري تكميلي

Effects of biofertilizers on yield and some biochemical and physiological traits of Sahand barley cultivare under rainfed and supplementary irrigation

به منظور بررسي تاثير كودهاي زيستي بر عملكرد و برخي صفات بيوشيميايي و فيزيولوژيك جو رقم سهند تحت شرايط ديم و آبياري تكميلي، آزمايش فاكتوريلي در قالب طرح پايه بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار در سال زراعي 96-1395 در روستاي ويند كلخوران اردبيل اجرا شد. فاكتورهاي مورد بررسي شامل سطوح آبياري (عدم آبياري (شرايط ديم)، آبياري تكميلي در زمان 50 درصد مراحل آبستني و سنبله ‌دهي) و كاربرد كودهاي زيستي در چهار سطح (عدم كاربرد كودهاي زيستي (شاهد)، كاربرد ميكوريز، ازتوباكتر، كاربرد توام ازتوباكتر و ميكوريز) بودند. نتايج نشان داد بيش‌ترين فعاليت آنزيم‌هاي كاتالاز، پلي ‌فنل ‌اكسيداز، پراكسيداز (به ترتيب 99.9، 66.9، 78.2 تغييرات جذب در ميكروگرم پروتئين بر دقيقه)، محتواي پرولين و قند محلول (به ‌ترتيب 10.25 ميكرو گرم بر گرم وزن تر برگ و 105.7 ميلي گرم بر گرم وزن تر برگ) در كاربرد توام ميكوريز و ازتوباكتر تحت شرايط ديم بدست آمد. بيش‌ترين عملكرد دانه (2682 كيلوگرم در هكتار) مربوط به آبياري تكميلي در مرحله آبستني با كاربرد توام ميكوريز و ازتوباكتر و كم‌ترين آن (2065 كيلوگرم در هكتار) ‌تحت شرايط ديم و عدم كاربرد كودهاي زيستي بدست آمد. از اين رو به نظر مي‌رسد كه كاربرد كودهاي زيستي و آبياري تكميلي مي‌تواند به عنوان يك روش مناسب براي افزايش عملكرد دانه جو ديم سهند به كار برده شود.

Drought is the most severe abiotic stress factor limiting plant growth and crop production. Many physiological processes in plants are impaired by drought stress. Also this stress can damage the photosynthesis of plants, pigments and plastids reduce chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and other carotenoids, hydrolyze proteins and prevalent photochemical reactions in most plants. The response of plants to drought stress depends on several factors such as developmental stage, severity, duration of stress, and cultivar genetics. Several strategies have been developed in order to decrease the water limitation-induced toxic effects on plant growth, among them use of bio fertilizers and supplementary irrigation play a key role in yield improvement. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementary irrigation and biofertilizers on yield and some biochemical and physiological traits of barley under rain fed and supplementary irrigation condition. Materials and methods In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on yield and some biochemical and physiological traits of barley (Sahand cultivare) under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the village of Khalkhoran viand of Ardabil province in 2016-2017 cropping season. Experimental factors were irrigation levels (no irrigation as rainfed, supplementary irrigation at 50% heading and booting stages) and biofertilizers application at four levels (without bio fertilizers as control, application of mycorrhiza, Azetobacter, and both application of mycorrhiza with Azetobacter). Results The results showed that the highest catalase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzymes activity (99.9, 66.9 and 78.2 OD µg Protein min-1 respectively), proline and soluble sugars content (10.25 µg/g FW and 105.7 mg g-1 FW) were obtained in both applications of mycorrhiza and Azetobacter under rain fed condition. The highest grain yield (2682 kg.ha-1) was obtained from supplementary irrigation at heading stage with both application of mycorrhiza and Azetobacter, and the lowest it (2065 kg.ha -1 ) was obtained in no application of bio fertilizers under rainfed condition. In conclustion, it seems that application of bio fertilizers and supplementary irrigation can be as a suitable method for increasing grain yield of Sahand barley cultivare under rainfed conditions. In conclustion, it seems that application of bio fertilizers and supplementary irrigation can be as a suitable method for increasing grain yield of Sahand barley cultivare under rainfed conditions