بررسي تنوع ريختي چهار جمعيت شاه كولي اروميه Alburnus atropatenae در حوضه درياچه اروميه با استفاده از روش ريخت سنجي هندسي

The morphological variation of four population of Urmia Kingfish (Alburnus atropatenae) in Urmia Lake basin using geometric morphometric technique

ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع رﯾﺨﺘﯽ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﺎه ﮐﻮﻟﯽ اروﻣﯿﻪ )Alburnus atropatenae(، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش رﯾﺨﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﺪاد 163 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﭼﻬﺎر رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ اروﻣﯿﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻧﻪ، ﺳﻘﺰﭼﺎي، ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻨﻪ رود و زرﯾﻨﻪ رود ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﺷﻮﮐﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج داده ﻫﺎي ﺷﮑﻞ از ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ دوﺑﻌﺪي ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻌﺪاد 15 ﻟﻨﺪﻣﺎرك ﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار TpsDig2 ﺑﺮ روي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ رﻗﻮﻣﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. داده ﻫﺎي ﻟﻨﺪﻣﺎرك ﭘﺲ از روي ﻫﻢ ﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﭘﺮوﮐﺮاﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده تحليل هاي pca , cva با ارزش p حاصل permutation test and cluster analysis مورد بررسي قرار گرفتند ميانگين ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺪن ﻫﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ ﻣﺼﻮرﺳﺎزي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ازﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺪن ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي، ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺪن ﺑﻪ دو ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻪ و ﺧﻮﺷﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻘﺰﭼﺎي، ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻨﻪ رود و زرﯾﻨﻪ رود ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻧﻪ، ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻨﻪ رود و ﺳﻘﺰﭼﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﭘﻬﻦ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﺳﺮ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺗﺮ، ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻫﺎ و ﻃﻮل ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ و ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ زرﯾﻨﻪ رود ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ دوﮐﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ در ﺣﺎل ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻞ زﯾﺴﺖ و ﺟﺪاﯾﯽ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ

This study was conducted to survey the morphological variation in four populations of the Urmia kingfish (Alburnus atropatenae) using geometric morphometric technique. A total number of 163 specimens were collected from four rivers of the Urmia Lake basin including the Baneh, Saghezchai, Siminehrood and Zarinehrood by electrofishing. The left side of specimens were photographed using a digital camera. Then fifteen homologous landmark points were selected and digitized on 2D pictures using tpsDig2 software. Landmark data after GPA, analyzed using PCA, CVA with obtained P-value from permutation test and cluster analysis. The patterns of population’s body shape were illustrated in relation to consensus configuration of all specimens. The results showed a significant differences between the body shapes of studied populations. Based on cluster analysis, the studied populations according to their body shape were divided into Baneh clad and Saghezchai, Siminehrood and Zarinehrood clade. The Baneh, Saghezchai, and Siminehrood populations have deeper body and are distinguishable due to smaller head, posterior position of eye and shorter base of dorsal fin, respectively and Zarinehrood population was differentiable due to a more fusiform body shape and less body depth. These morphological differences can display ongoing evolutionary trends of studied populations as result of environmental conditions of their habitats and geographical isolation