اثر تغييرات فصل بر اسيدهاي چرب بافت عضله ماهي حلوا سفيد (pampus argenteus) صيدشده از خليج‌فارس

Effects of seasonal variations on fatty acid content of muscle in Pampus argenteus caught from Persian Gulf

وﺟﻮد ﻣﻘﺪار زﯾﺎدي از اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب ﭼﻨﺪ ﻏﯿﺮاﺷﺒﺎع ﺑﻠﻨﺪ زﻧﺠﯿﺮه در ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن و ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن درﯾﺎﯾﯽ، آنﻫﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺴﺎن ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺣﻠﻮا ﺳﻔﯿﺪ )Pampus argenteus( در دو ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﺼﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮوﻓﺎﯾﻞ اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻀﻠﻪي ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺣﻠﻮا ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﻮده ﺗﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد ﻣﺼﺮف آن در ﮐﺪام ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺪن اﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﻔﯿﺪﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ در دو ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن از ﺑﻨﺪرﻟﻨﮕﻪ ﺧﻠﯿﺞﻓﺎرس در ﺳﺎل 1395 ﺻﯿﺪ و ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﻣﯿﺰان رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ روش ﺧﺸﮏﮐﻦ اﻧﺠﻤﺎدي، ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ روش اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺳﻮﮐﺴﻠﻪ، ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ روش ﮐﻠﺪال و ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﮔﺎزي ﺑﻪ روش اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎرهي 13126-2 اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري در ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪي ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ در دو ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ )0/05>P(. ﻓﺮاوانﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎﻟﻤﺘﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ )C16:0(، اوﻟﺌﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ )9-C18:1n(، اﯾﮑﻮزاﭘﻨﺘﺎﻧﻮﺋﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ )C20:5n-3-EPA( و دﮐﻮزاﻫﮕﺰاﻧﻮﺋﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ )C22:6n-3-DHA( ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب اﺷﺒﺎع )SFA( در دو ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ )0/05>P(. اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب ﺗﮏ ﻏﯿﺮاﺷﺒﺎع )MUFA( داراي ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻓﺼﻠﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ )0/05P(. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺣﻠﻮا ﺳﻔﯿﺪ در ﻫﺮ دو ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺧﻮﺑﯽ از اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب ﭼﻨﺪ ﻏﯿﺮاﺷﺒﺎع ﺑﻠﻨﺪ زﻧﺠﯿﺮه اﻣﮕﺎ 3 در رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﻣﺎ در ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ارزش ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي دارد.

Since fish have large amounts of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, they are considered a good source of food. In this study, fatty acid content and proximate composition of Silver Pomfret fish (Pampus argenteus) were investigated during winter and summer. For this purpose, the samples were collected from Bandar Lenge of Persian Gulf in 2016 and brought to the laboratory. The moisture, fat, protein and ash content were measured in two seasons by freeze-drying, soxhlet extraction, Kjeldal and Combustion method, respectively. Gas chromatography was used to analyze fatty acids. No significant differences were observed in seasonal variation of proximate composition (P>0.05). The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3-EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3-DHA). There was no significant difference in the amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA)between winter and summer (P>0.05). However, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) level was higher in summer compared to winter (P<0.05). The amount of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)in the winter was significantly higher than the summer. Our work has led us to conclude that Silver Pomfret fish could be a good source of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human diet in winter and summer, especially during winter.