بيومتري و مطالعه عادات تغذيه‌اي گربه‌ماهي خاكي (Plicofollis dussumieri) در سواحل بندر تياب، درياي عمان

Biometry and study of nutritional habits of Plicofollis dussumieri on Tiab port beaches, Oman Sea

ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻋﺎدات ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯽﻫﺎ در ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺗﺌﻮريﻫﺎي رواﺑﻂ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻋﺎدات ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮔﺮﺑﻪﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺧﺎﮐﯽ )Plicofollis dussumieri( در ﺳﻮاﺣﻞ ﺗﯿﺎب، واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﯿﻨﺎب و در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1395 ﺗﺎ ﺑﻬﺎر 1396 ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎل ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. 30 ﻋﺪد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ و 120 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ درﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺻﯿﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ در داﺧﻞ ﯾﺦ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ و ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﺷﮑﻤﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وزن در ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮ 1520±30 ﮔﺮم و در ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎده 25± 1425 ﮔﺮم ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل در ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻧﺮ 0/18 ±42/7 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و در ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻣﺎده 38/3±0/07 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل ﻧﺴﺒﯽ روده در ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮ و ﻣﺎده ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 2/75±0/4 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و 2/70±0/25 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻌﺪه، ﻣﻘﺪار 39/16 را ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺎن از ﭘﺮﺧﻮر ﺑﻮدن ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﻣﻌﺪهاي، ﻣﻌﺪه 22 ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﭘﺮ، ﻣﻌﺪه 51 ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﯿﻤﻪﭘﺮ و ﻣﻌﺪهي 47 ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﺪهﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻟﯽ در ﻓﺼﻮل ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﺪهﻫﺎي ﭘﺮ در ﻓﺼﻮل ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮔﺮﺑﻪﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻫﻤﻪﭼﯿﺰﺧﻮار ﺑﻮده، ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ و ﻣﯿﮕﻮ ﻏﺬاي اﺻﻠﯽ اﻣﺎ ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ، ﺟﻠﺒﮏﻫﺎ و ﺳﺮﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻏﺬاي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﺼﻞ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﻮﺟﻮدﯾﺖ اﻗﻼم ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺪت و ﻋﺎدات ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪاي ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ

Study of fish food habits is effective to determine artificial feeding and design theories of food relations. For this purpose, food habits of catfish, Plicofollis dussumieri that lives in Tiab beaches, located in Minab between summer 1395 to spring 1396 was performed. Thirty specimens were caught in each season so a total of one hundred and twenty specimens were taken and morebiometric of specimens was performed. Samples immediately were placed on ice and transfered to the laboratory then study procedures of the abdominal contents was done. Biometric results showed that the mean weight of male and female was (1520±30 to 1425±25gr). Mean length of the male was (42.7±0.18 cm) and female was (38.3±0.07 cm). Average relative length of intestine was (2.75±0.4 cm) in male and (2.70±0.25 cm) in female. Results for gastric emptying index was 39.16, so it showed that this species is relatively addictive. Based on stomach contents, 22 specimens were full, 51 specimens were semi-full and 47 specimens were empty. The highest stomach empty percentage was in autumn and winter, and the highest full percentage of stomach was observed in spring and summer. Based on food preference index, this species placed omnivores as fish and shrimp were the main, but crab, algae and cephalopoda were sub food. Overall season changes and availability of food items were the most important factors affecting in nutritional intensity and habits.