استعداديابي كشت و پرورش ماكروجلبك‌هاي دريايي در محدوده جزرومدي سواحل، كانال‌هاي زهكش و استخرهاي پرورش ميگو در استان بوشهر

Feasibility study of macroalgae mariculture in coastal tide zones, effluent channels and shrimp ponds in Bushehr province

ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎرش در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ و ﺑﺤﺮان رو ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ، روﯾﺶ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﺟﻠﺒﮏﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮع اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎ 820 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮز آﺑﯽ و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮑﯽ اﻣﺮوزي ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﺟﻠﺒﮏﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻏﺬا، ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ، ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ داروﯾﯽ و داروﺳﺎزي ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ در ﺳﺎل 1394، ﭘﺮوژه اﻣﮑﺎنﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﮐﺸﺖ و ﭘﺮورش دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﺟﻠﺒﮏ ﻗﻬﻮهاي )Sargassum bovenum( و ﻗﺮﻣﺰ )Gracilaria corticata( ﺑﺮ روي ﻃﻨﺎب در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺟﺰر و ﻣﺪي ﺳﺎﺣﻞ دﻟﻮار، ﮐﺎﻧﺎلﻫﺎي زﻫﮑﺶ و اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورش ﻣﯿﮕﻮ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﮐﺎر و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﻬﺮهﺟﻮﯾﯽ از ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ در اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﮐﺸﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدد. ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺸﺎء ﺑﺮ روي ﻃﻨﺎبﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ 10 ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﺎ 50 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﺟﻠﺒﮏ 8-10 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﺎ وزن 10-15 ﮔﺮم و ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 20 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺘﺪا و اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻫﺮ ﻃﻨﺎب 10 ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻃﻨﺎبﻫﺎي ﺣﺪﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﮐﻮﺑﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ، ﮔﺮهﺧﻮردﻧﺪ. ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﺟﻠﺒﮏﻫﺎ در ﻣﺰارع ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ زﯾﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ آب درﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﺟﻠﺒﮏﻫﺎي ﺳﺎرﮔﺎﺳﻮم و ﮔﺮاﺳﯿﻼرﯾﺎ ﺑﺮ روي ﻃﻨﺎب در درﯾﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ 80 و 30 ﺗﻦ ﺟﻠﺒﮏ )وزن ﺗﺮ( در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، در ﻃﯽ90 روز )ﻧﯿﻤﻪ دوم ﻣﻬﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ دوم دي( ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﺖ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺮگ ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﺟﻠﺒﮏﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎ و ﮐﺎﻧﺎلﻫﺎي زﻫﮑﺶ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ آنﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ آب، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﻮري آب درون اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎ، ﮐﺪورت ﺷﺪﯾﺪ آب درون ﮐﺎﻧﺎلﻫﺎي زﻫﮑﺶ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ورود و ﺧﺮوج آب درﯾﺎ و ﺧﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪن آنﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺟﺰر درﯾﺎ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

Sever rainfall in recent years and the expanding crisis of reducing fresh water resources, widespread growth of diversified economic macro algae in the coastlines of Bushehr Province with 820 km of Costal lines and the strategic importance of macroalgae as feed, fodder, providing some of the raw materials medicinal and pharmaceutical industry led to the feasibility study of cultivating two species of Sargassum bovenum (brown alga) and Gracilaria corticata (red alga) macro algae on ropes in coastal tide zone of Delvar village, effluent channel and shrimp ponds in Bushehr province in 2015 in order to support of labor and national treasure and benefit from the effects of production on the country's economy. Macro algae were cultured on plastic ropes 10 meters. Each rope contained 50 fragments of macro algae with a length of 8-10 cm and a weight of 10-15 g and in 20 cm distance from each other. The two ends of each 10-meter rope were tied to intermediate ropes attached to wooden foundations immersed in the culture beds. The level of cultivation of macro algae in crop fields should be at least 30 cm below sea level forever. The results of this study showed that S. bovenum and G. corticata planting on the rope at sea produced 80 and 30 tons of algae (fresh weight) per hectare for 90 days (second half of October to second of January), but the macro algae planted in shrimp ponds, led to the high mortality to extreme evaporation. The macro algae in the effluent channels also showed high rate of death because of high mud flood in the shrimp effluent channel.