تبيين نقش سياست گذاري هاي حمايتي زراعي در تحولات اقتصـادي روستاهـاي شهرستان ماسال بعد از انقلاب اسلامي

Explanation the Role of Agronomic Supportive Policies in Rural Economic Development of Masal County After the Islamic Revolution

تدوين سياست‌گذاري‌هاي اصولي از جمله مسائل مهم كشاورزي است كه با توجه به جمعيت روستايي كشور و تخصصي شدن توليدات كشـاورزي در شكوفايي اقتصاد و توسعه كشـاورزي نقش به‌سزايي دارد. پژوهش حاضر در صـدد بررسي نقش سياست گذاري‌هاي حمايتي زراعي در تحـولات اقتصادي روستاهاي شهرستان ماسال بعد از انقلاب اسلامي و ارائه راهكارهايي براي بهبـود وضعيت اين سياست‌گذاري‌هاي در شهرستان ماسال، تحولات و حفظ كاربري زمين، آشنايي كشاورزان با روش‌هاي جديد كشـاورزي، افزايش ميزان توليد در واحد سطح و در نتيجه افزايش درآمد، كاهش هزينه‌ها و ارتقاي سطـح زندگي آن‌ها مي‌باشد. شهـرستان ماسال داراي پتانسيل‌هاي زيادي در زمينه فعاليت‌هاي زراعي مي‌باشد. اما متأسفانه در برنامه‌هاي توسعه و سياست گذاري‌هاي اقتصادي به بخش كشاورزي اين شهرستان بسيار كم توجهي شده و در نتيجه كشاورزان بخصوص روستاييان كشاورز با مشكلات جدي روبرو مي‌باشند كه ضرورت توجه به بخش كشاورزي در برنامه‌هاي توسعـه و ضرورت جهت‌گيري اهداف طرح‌هاي پژوهشي را به اين بخش ايجـاب مي‌كنـد. روش بررسي در اين پژوهش مبتني بر رويكـرد توصيفي - تحليلي مي‌باشـد. جهت بررسي وضعيت سياست‌گذاري‌هاي حمايتي زراعي از عواملي مانند: عامل موقعيت، سطـح اجـرا، فاصله و دوري يا نزديكي به مراكـز بازاري استفـاده شـده اسـت. نتايج حاصـل از اين پژوهش بيـانگر اين است كه اعمـال سياست‌گذاري‌هاي حمايتي زراعي باعث حفظ 52/18 درصد كاربري اراضي زراعي، افزايش 2 برابري سطح كشت دوم نسبت به سال 1380، افزايش درآمد و كاهش 25 درصدي هزينه‌ها در روستاهاي شهرستان ماسال شده است.

Introduction The main function of rural areas in the Third World is agriculture, and it is important because of its particular impact on employment, poverty and income adjustment, food security and self-sufficiency. The growth of the agricultural sector is considered essential for achieving development goals in developing countries. Supportive policies are policies that the government is adopting to increase the income of a specific group of agricultural producers and food security, as well as agricultural development. Support policies in the agricultural sector have a strategic position and importance in the process of agricultural development policy. In Masal, agriculture is the most important economic activity that can be helped by correct policies and optimal utilization of existing facilities to balance and develop rural life. Methodology The research method used in this study is descriptive-analytic. Data and information have been collected through the library (reviewing books, reports, plans, statistical journals, maps, etc.), fields (Observation and Interviews) methods. Interviews were conducted from Dehyaran, members of the Islamic Council of Agricultural Villages and Masal Agricultural Jihad Experts. In this research, EXCEL software was used to analyze data and draw charts and ArcGIS software was used for drawing maps. The statistical population in this research is divided into two sections of all Masal villages and agronomic policies. Sampling of this research has not been done and the agronomic policies in this research have been studied in terms of indicators such as: population index, location, level of implementation, and distance or proximity to market centers. Results and Discussion According to the statistics presented in relation to agronomic practices in Masal village villages in the support policy area, the amount of fertilizer used in the villages of Shanderman (Shanderman and Sheikh Nishin districts), 947 tons at 4000 hectares Rice fields and fertilizer consumption in the central part (suburb and Masal) were 710 tons at 3000 hectares. an‎d the fertilizer distribution is well done. Of the 7,000 hectares of agricultural land in Masal, 600 hectares, equivalent to 8.5 percent, are covered by a biological struggle against rice stem borer. Of the 7,000 hectares of agricultural land in the city of Masal, 2330 hectares, 33.3 percent were under second cultivation. Also, 1602 hectares, or 23 percent, are covered by agricultural insurance, and 1568 people are covered by agricultural insurance. According to the results of this study, more agricultural practices have been applied in the villages of the plain area. Also, according to the measures taken in the field of education and promotion of farmers, 3653 hectares of land in the city equivalent to 52.18% in 39 villages, land improvement and land improvement plan has been implemented. 78% are cultivated mechanically and 85.7% of the land in the city Harvesting mechanically. In Masal, 48 villages are agricultural water management. Conclusion Most of these policies have been designed to create employment, income, and reduce costs, as well as maintain land use. In fact, educational activities - agricultural promotion have moved to improve the situation of rural society and agricultural development. Proposals related to the agricultural support policies of Masal in order to maintain land use, reduce costs and increase farmers' income are as follows: -Due to the fact that research, education and promotion policies are underpinned by other agronomic policies, policymakers should pay particular attention to this issue. -Appropriate plans and policies for the development of second cultivation. -It is suggested that the implementation of agronomic policies that increase the income and reduce the cost of farmers should be accurately and appropriately applied in all rural villages of Masal.