عوامل موثر بر استفاده ي شهروندان از دوچرخه به عنوان يك وسيله حمل و نقل (مطالعه موردي: شهر رشت)

(Factors Affecting Citizens use Bicycles as a means of Transportation (Case Study: Rasht City

با توجه به رشد سريع جمعيت در شهرهاي كشور و افزايش روزافزون سفرهاي شخصي و مشكلات جانبي از قبيل مصرف بيهوده انرژي و آلودگي زيست‌محيطي و تراكم ناشي از ازدياد ترافيك خودروهاي شخصي تك‌سرنشين، ازدحام در معابر مركزي شهر، سيستم حمل‌ونقل خاصي را به‌ويژه در شهرهاي پرجمعيت مي‌طلبد كه اين امر نيازمند برنامه‌ريزي دقيق‌تر است,از سوي ديگر با گسترش شهر رشت و افزايش جمعيت آن، ترافيك به يكي از مشكلات اساسي آن تبديل‌شده كه علاوه بر اتلاف وقت شهروندان، موجب گرديده مقدار زيادي سوخت بيهوده مصرف شود. ازجمله اهداف اين پژوهش بررسي عوامل مؤثر بر عدم تمايل شهروندان رشت به استفاده از دوچرخه, نوع استفاده آن‌ها از دوچرخه و رابطه‌ي بين شغل, تحصيل,درامد و علاقه‌ي شهروندان در استفاده از دوچرخه جهت عبور و مرور براي سفرهاي درون‌شهري است, زيرا كه استفاده از دوچرخه و ترويج فرهنگ آن به‌عنوان بهترين جايگزين خودروهاي آلاينده محيط‌زيست در سفرهاي كوتاه درون‌شهري ، سال‌هاست كه در كشورهاي مهم و صنعتي نهادينه‌شده است. اين مقاله با استفاده از روش توصيفي -تحليلي و توزيع پرسش‌نامه در سطح شهر به جمع‌آوري اطلاعات پرداخته و با استفاده از تكنيك‌هاي آماري و نرم‌افزارهايي مانندSPSSوExcel تجزيه تحليل صورت گرفته است,نتايج بيانگر آن است كه بين استفاده از دوچرخه و متغيرهايي چون:, علاقه شهروندان, تحصيلات شهروندان, درآمد آن‌ها و شغلشان رابطه معناداري وجود دارد.

Introduction The rapid growth of metropolitan areas in the world with increasing population in the cities, many problems such as traffic and disrupt transport in the city has created so the problem is one of the main challenges facing urban planning in the late twentieth century that achieving sustainable urban development, influence is so due to rapid population growth in cities and increasing personal journeys and side problems such as unnecessary consumption of energy and environmental pollution and congestion caused by increased traffic private cars One aboard, congestion in the central streets of the city, transport system specific demands, particularly in densely populated cities, which require more careful planning.Without doubt one of the desirable features and characteristics of the urban environment, Easy access, fast and reliable citizens in various parts of the city and enjoy a variety of users in the city. City metropolitan area to be increasing day by day in addition to a waste of time, can cause psychological and neurological damage to citizens. So, this issue has caused in this article is to review and analyze the determinants of citizens use bicycles as a means of transport deal. Use of bicycles and the relationship between employment, education, income and interest of citizens in the use of bicycles for trips within the city for pedestrians, For the use of bicycles and promote it as the best alternative vehicles short in town environmental pollution in the city, For years, the most important industrial countries has been institutionalized.The methodology of this study is descriptive, so that the initial data using the methods of documents, collected at a later stage, the distribution of questionnaires in the city. Methodology The research method is descriptive-analytical; the information gathering method is library and field information. First, the initial information is collected using documentary and survey methods. In the next step, the questionnaire distributed across the city has been analyzed and analyzed using statistical techniques and software such as SPSS and EXCEL. The statistical population includes citizens of the city of Rasht. The statistical sample was selected among male citizens. For estimation of the sample size, due to the size and size of the society, and the convergence and harmony of the people of the community, the method of personal estimation has been used. The questionnaires were distributed through random sampling among different groups of citizens. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed. Results and Discussion Rasht in terms of geographical location at 29 degrees 35 minutes east longitude and 37 degrees 16 minutes north latitude is located. According to the official census in 1390, the resident population of 639,951 people daily fix floating. Floating population is steady daily Rasht, Gilan as a mother over 1, 200, 000 people. The population of the town on vacation and months travel years, up to two million. Rasht city most compact size in terms of population and in terms of the proportion of day and night is also ranked first in the country. Level map of city streets at a glance, can be understood that the formation of the passages of the law and order does not follow accepted normal traffic. In this city,according to the available weak in the city center and weaknesses of the following passages NEW passages old, often places a three-way have emerged, in addition, the main thoroughfares of the city has a suitable width and most of them with two and three lane has great potential are such that 9 thousand vehicles per hour on the road unable to move, but given the network of existing streets,with any width in the central part of the city witnessed the traffic will be.To solve this problem you should on the one hand and on the other side of the network of bypass roads organized in the entrances into the city is necessary for City suburban traffic, According to surveys, less than 40 percent of citizens surveyed have a bicycle who used it as a vehicle for sports and leisure use, climate (rainfall consecutive) inappropriate, especially in the second 6 months of the year, lack of comfort bikes, the prolonged route for cycling because of the physical level of the city and consequently increase the ETA and especially the lack of express lanes for cycling in the city of Rasht important factors for wanting the citizens of Rasht for bicycle trips in the city of. Conclusion However, The results indicate that a significant relationship between the use of bicycles and variables such as the interest of citizens, citizen education, income, and there slowing traffic, This means that the use of bicycles to reduce traffic in the city will have a great impact, an‎d between the two there is a significant relationship. From the other hand, the interest of citizens in the desire for inner-city bicycle use in town impact, an‎d the employment rate citizens use bicycles as there are significant correlations, So that citizens have a high occupational status, such as non-governmental and non-students are more inclined to use bicycles. With a significance level of 95 percent on the assumption (iv) the level of education between citizens and their use of bicycles there are also accepted. an‎d also between the income levels tend to use bicycles there is a significant correlation. In general, urban management and organizations of cycling in the city of Rasht need strategies to make the growth and development of cycling as a vehicle for city and with information and advertising about the immense benefits of using bicycles the increasing willingness of people to use bicycles as a means for commuting within the city walk.