كليدواژه :
امنيت , پيشگيري از جرم , رهيافت "جلوگيري از جرايم شهري با استفاده از طراحي محيطي" , اسكان غيررسمي , محله همت آباد اصفهان
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction The "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design" (CPTED) approach can be considered as a kind of targeted approach to the efficient and intelligent design of environmental components by using an optimal environment design for reducing crime, which effectively increases social capital, improves the quality of life and citizenship satisfaction. In fact, in this approach, it is possible to significantly reduce the risk of urban crime in term of the attention to the urban spaces and environmental design (Wilson and Knelling, 1989). There is also a consensus that the approach of "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design" is an effective approach in two dimensions: firstly, the real reduction of crime in urban environments and secondly by increasing the sense of safety and spatial security in the people (Gronland, 2000). Therefore, recognizing the above-mentioned approach and applying that to mass-crime zones can be suggest. In spite of the existence of such advantages in the approach to "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design", which indicates its importance in world literature, in Iran there is less concerned with this issue, and most studies have taken this approach in general. Also, they have been discussed the approach in theoretical way and not in practical (for example: Pour Jafar et al., 2008, Mahmoudi-Janaki and Ghorchi Bobby, 1388). Due to the gaps and considering the importance and advantages of the "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design" approach, in this research, firstly it was attempt to investigating the "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design" and identifying its various aspects and measures. Secondly, according to the approach, to potential points of crime in the Hemmatabad district of Isfahan as one of the informal settlement will be recognized.
Methodology The research method of this study is a descriptive-analytical method of the case model, which is located in the Hemmatabad district of Isfahan as its case study. In connection with the application of the "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design" approach in the Hemmatabad district of Isfahan, as a case study, the method of data collection is through documentary and survey study (observation and questionnaire). The data for the domains of "enhancing natural surveillance", "enhancing natural access control", "Protection and maintenance of environment" and "community-based activity support" collected by observation and the domain of "Territorial reinforcement" collected by questionnaire. Regarding the aforementioned issue, in order to provide the capability to fit the layers obtained through the observational method and the questionnaire, the first step was to divide the public space of the Hemmatabad district of Isfahan to the smaller ones (108 parcels). It is useful for assign the data obtained through observation of the environment to the parcels. Also, this method increases the accuracy of the operation. In the second step, the Multi-stage sample (cluster sampling method and simple random sampling) method was used to provide data related to the research questionnaire and reassess the corresponding rating in one of the relevant parcels. In assessing each of the measures for the abovementioned parcels, the Likert spectrum was also used. After that the results of each measure were obtained and in order to obtain the final result, the approach "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design" with the "Analytical Hierarchy Process"(AHP) method was used in the Hemmatabad district of Isfahanin quantitative scale.
Conclusion After identifying the measures for using the "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design" approach in the Hemmatabad district, the conceptual framework was identified. Then, in order to provide the capability to fit the layers obtained through the observational method and the questionnaire, the first step was to divide the public space of the Hemmatabad district of Isfahan to the smaller ones (108 parcels). Results indicate that Hematabad district have a lot of potential point for crime in term of CPTED approach and in terms of the principles of CPTED approach (Consists of "enhancing natural surveillance", "enhancing natural access control", "Territorial reinforcement", "Protection and maintenance of environment" and "community-based activity support"). Also, the results show overall, according to the measures of the CPTED, most of these potential points for the occurrence of crime are located in the piriphery the Hemmat Abad district in Isfahan, not in the center of the district. This is especially due to the lack of "natural surveillance capabilities", "community-based activities" and the "protection and maintenance of the environment" in these areas.
