ارزيابي تطبيقي نظام برنامه‌ريزي و برنامه‌ريزي فضايي ايران با مصر، عربستان، تركيه و مالزي

The Comparative Evaluation of the Spatial Planning System of Iran in Comparison With Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Malaysia

روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش كيفي از نوع توصيفي –تحليلي و مبتني بر مطالعات اسنادي و كتابخانه‌اي بوده است كه با قياس تطبيقي تكميل گرديد.ابتدا مؤلفه‌هاي تجربه شده بين‌المللي در دانش ارزيابي تطبيقي شناسايي‌شده و سپس مبتني بر شرايط ايران و چهار كشور مسلمان ديگر مؤلفه‌هاي 7 گانه و 4 گانه در ابعاد "محتوايي" و" رويه‌اي" براي مفاهيم "برنامه‌ريزي" و "برنامه‌ريزي فضايي" تدوين‌شده و قياس تطبيقي براي وضعيت 5 كشور صورت پذيرفت. بر اساس يافته‌ها در حوزه نظري (اسنادي- محتوايي) نظام برنامه‌ريزي كلان اغلب كشورهاي موردبررسي مشابه هم و نيز همسو با كشورهاي پيشرفته‌تر صنعتي با شدت و ضعف‌هاي مختصري بوده وليكن در حوزه عمل (رويه-نتيجه) تفاوت‌هاي موجود بسيار محسوس بوده‌اند. اين وضعيت در برنامه‌ريزي فضايي اين كشورها ضعيف‌تر از برنامه‌ريزي كلان آن‌ها بوده است. يافته‌هاي نهايي نشان دادند كه در" نظام برنامه‌ريزي كلان "، تمام كشورها داراي افق برنامه‌ريزي مداوم با دوره‌هاي مشخص، رويكرد غالب اقتصادي، مشاركت‌پذيري پايين و شريعت پذيري گفتماني قوي ولي اجرايي ضعيف بوده‌اند.در "نظام برنامه‌ريزي فضايي" ،ايران در مؤلفه‌هاي سطوح سلسله‌مراتبي برنامه‌ريزي ، رويكرد و مكانيسم برنامه‌ريزي فضايي،و ساختار سازماني مشابه 4 كشور ديگر و در مؤلفه سيستم اجرا- كنترل -نظارت عقب‌تر از 4 كشور هم‌وزن خود بوده است ، درمجموع مالزي در غالب معيارها و سپس تركيه پيش‌تر از ايران، مصر و عربستان بوده‌اند.

Introduction: "Understanding and evaluating of spatial planning system" without recognizing of "planning and development system" of countries and without the Understanding of similar situations and lessons learned from others' experiences are not achieved to goals. In This paper isn’t "deliberately" used the experiences of advanced and developed industrial countries, and focus on "developing countries. " Because based on realistic approaches to development, the experiences of similar countries provide more appropriate territorial development strategies to the decision takers. Therefore, four countries (Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey and Malaysia) have been selected for this assessment and analogy because based on social, economic, political and . . . characteristics, there is a greater relative and homogeneous relationship between the Islamic Republic of Iran and these countries, which is the main reason for this choice and comparison Methodology: . In this analogy, two types of cognition include: basic knowledge (general and geographical status, economic and internal divisions), and special recognition (macro planning system and spatial planning system) were obtained from four countries and analogy with Iran. The method of research was descriptive-analytic and based on documentary and library studies that was completed by comparative analogy. First, the experienced international components were identified in the comparative evaluation knowledge and then based on the conditions of Iran and four Muslim countries The other seven and four components in the "content" and "procedural" dimensions for the concepts of "planning" and "spatial planning" were formulated and a comparative analogy was made for the situation in the five countries. Results and discussion: according to the findings in the theoretical field (documentary-content), the macro-planning system of most of the studied countries is similar and in line with the more advanced industrial countries with some weaknesses, but in the field of action (process-outcome) the existing differences are very tangible. The situation in the urban planning of these countries has been weaker than their large-scale planning. In spatial planning at urban and metropolitan levels for planning and optimized spatial management, most often pursue the goal of sustainable development in varying degrees, and it is a way of responding to their challenges, but because of government features, lack of practical motivation and the lack of evaluation, monitoring and lack of cultural contexts in achieving the goals, they have a lot of obvious weaknesses. Conclusion: The final findings showed that in the "macro planning system", all countries have a continuous planning horizon with distinct periods, a dominant economic approach, low participation, and a strong, but not executive, discursive chastiality. Iran, in terms of a theoretical approach similar to Saudi Arabia, Similar participation of Egypt and Saudi Arabia in the actors of development similar to Egypt and almost Turkey, and in other components, is the same as that of any other country. In the "Spatial Planning System", Iran has been involved in the components of the hierarchical levels of planning