اثر‌ات كلش گندم، برگ نخل خرما، باگاس نيشكر و مكمل‌هاي آلي بر عملكرد و كيفيت قارچ صدفي

Effects of Wheat Straw, Leaf of Date Palm, Bagasse and Organic Supplements on Yield and Quality of Oyster Mushroom

اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻌﻀﻼت زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺮف ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻗﺎرچ و ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺎ ارزش اﻓﺰوده ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ اﺛﺮات ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﮐﻠﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم، ﺑﺮگ ﻧﺨﻞ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ و ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ و ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮاد ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 2/5 درﺻﺪ وزﻧﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ، ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﮐﻠﺰا ﮐﻮد ﻣﺮغ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺎرچ ﺻﺪﻓﯽ در ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻗﺎرچ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن در ﺳﺎل 1393 ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﻓﺰودن ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺮگ ﻧﺨﻞ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ، ﮐﻠﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم و ﯾﺎ اﻓﺰودن ﮐﻮد ﻣﺮغ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮگ ﻧﺨﻞ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻗﺎرچ ﺻﺪﻓﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 5/97 ،6/39 و 6/30 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد. ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻗﺎرچ ﺻﺪﻓﯽ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﻧﯿﺸﮑﺮ و ﯾﺎ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺑﺮگ ﻧﺨﻞ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﺣﺎوي ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ ﭘﺲ از اﻓﺮودن ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﮐﻠﺰا ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري داﺷﺖ وﻟﯽ ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ را 22/95 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان روﻏﻦ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﺣﺎوي ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﮐﻠﺰا )1/81 درﺻﺪ( و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل )59/11 درﺻﺪ( و ﻓﻨﻮل ﮐﻞ )706 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم در ﮔﺮم وزن ﺧﺸﮏ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﻠﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺣﺎوي ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﮐﻠﺰا و ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﺣﺎوي ﮐﻨﺠﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺎرچ ﺻﺪﻓﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺑﺮگ ﻧﺨﻞ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻗﺎرچ ﺻﺪﻓﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ از ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﺑﻮد و ﻃﻮل دوره رﺷﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺗﺮ از ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﮔﺎس ﺑﻮد.

Increasing waste production and accumulation of agricultural products is one of the environmental problems in different parts of the world. One of the ways to consume agricultural waste is to use it as a growth media for mushroom and to convert waste into higher value-added crops. In this experiment, the effects of substrates of wheat straw, date palm leaf, sugar cane bagasse and supplementary treatments including soybean meal, rapeseed meal and chicken manure (2.5 % W: weight) on growth, yield ad some biochemical constituents of oyster mushroom, in the mushroom cultivation hall of the Educational and Research Station of Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2014 were investigated. The results showed that adding soybean meal to palm leaf and wheat straw substrates or adding poultry manure to palm leaf significantly increased the yield of oyster mushroom (6.39, 5.97 and 6.30 kg, respectively). The yield of oyster mushroom in sugarcane bagasse or supplementation was lower than that of wheat straw and palm leaf. Growth period in bagasse containing supplements was significantly longer than other treatments. Total protein was increased significantly after the rapeseed meal was added to all three substrates, but soybean meal only was able to increase protein content in bagasse substrate (22.95 %). The highest oil content in bagasse substrate was found in rapeseed meal (1.81 %), the highest soluble carbohydrates, total phenol content were measured in wheat straw+ rapeseed meal, bagasse+ soybean meal were shown 59.11 % and 706 micrograms per gram of dry weight, respectively. The biochemical efficiency of oyster mushroom was affected by planting time and the lowest biological efficiency was in the bagasse substrate. The results showed that adding supplement to wheat straw and palm leaves yield and quality characteristics of oyster mushrooms were better than bagasse and the growth period was shorter than bagasse.