بررسي رابطه اونس و عيار در چهار رقم تجاري پسته ايران (كله‌قوچي، احمد‌آقايي، اوحدي و اكبري)

Investigating the Relationship between Ounces and Kernel Percentage in Four Commercial Pistachio Cultivars (Kaleh-Ghoochi, Ahmad-Aghaei, Owhadi and Akbari

ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻭﻧﺲ ﻭ ﻋﻴﺎﺭ )ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ( ﺑﺎ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻤﻲ ﻭ ﮐﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻛﺪﻛﺲ ﻭ UNECE ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﮐﺒﺮﻱ، ﺍﺣﻤﺪﺁﻗﺎﻳﻲ، ﮐﻠﻪﻗﻮﭼﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺣﺪﻱ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺍﻭﻧﺲ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻧﺲ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻤﻲ ﻭ ﮐﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﻓﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻐﺰ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻃﻮﻝ )0/433- =(r ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ )0/19- =(r ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ )0/003- =(r ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ. ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺧﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺍﻭﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻐﺰ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻧﺲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ. ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﮑﺘﻮﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻣﻐﺰ ﮐﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﻫﮑﺘﻮﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻨﻲﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻭﻧﺲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻋﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻭﻧﺲ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﻌﻨﻲﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ 1 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻋﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻭﺣﺪﻱ )57/39(، ﺍﺣﻤﺪﺁﻗﺎﻳﻲ )56/35(، ﮐﻠﻪﻗﻮﭼﻲ )53/92( ﻭ ﺍﮐﺒﺮﻱ )53/30( ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻭﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﮐﺒﺮﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﮐﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﻴﺮﺳﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻭﻧﺲ ﻭ ﻋﻴﺎﺭ )0/439- =(r ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between ounce and kernel% (kernel to shell) with each other and other quantitative and qualitative indices of the kernel and nut in Iranian commercial pistachio cultivars. Four pistachio cultivars including Kaleh-Ghoochi, Ahmad-Aghaei, Owhadi and Akbari, which constitute the main pistachio cultivar, are selected in five ounces and then the relationship among the commercial indices of the kernel and nut was determined by different statistical methods. The results of this study showed that the quantitative and qualitative indices related to kernel and nut morphology reviled a significant decrease with increasing number of nut per ounce. The nut and kernel length (r= .0.433) showed a higher relationship with ounce as compared to the other traits. The suture opening and shell thickness had the highest coefficient of variation (C.V.), indicating a high range of variations between different nuts in one ounce. In this study, the indices related to the kernel were less effective than the nut on ounce index. The kernel hectoliters, which is a valuable commercial index for determining the quality and health of the kernel, is not significantly different in ounces, indicating no significant difference in the kernel quality of Iranian commercial cultivars with an increase in ounces. The kernel% was significantly affected (P<0.01) by ounce in all four cultivars. In this study, the highest kernel% was observed in Owhadi (57.39), Ahmad-Aghaei (56.35), Kaleh-Ghoochi (53.92) and Akbari (53.30) cultivars, respectively. Therefore, Owhadi had the highest and Akbari had the lowest kernel%. The findings indicated that kernel% in the round cultivars was more affected by the shell thickness and the stretched cultivars by the kernel. The results showed that there was a negative correlation (r= 0.439) between ounces and kernel% in evaluated cultivars.