اثر محلول پاشي تركيب تجاري روي-گلبار بر صفات بيوشيميايي و عملكردي درختان بارور پسته رقم كله قوچي

Effect of foliar spray of Zn-Golbar commercial combination on biochemical and yield traits in fertile Keleh-Ghouchi pistachio trees

اﻣﺮوزه در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهاي از ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي آﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺨﺮب ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺮﮔﯽ درﺧﺘﺎن 30 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ رويﮔﻠﺒﺎر )70 درﺻﺪ اﺳﯿﺪ آﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﮔﻠﻮﺗﺎﻣﯿﮏ، 10 درﺻﺪ اوره و 20 درﺻﺪ ﮐﻼت روي( ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ دﻓﺎﻋﯽ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ آﻧﺰﯾﻤﯽ، ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺗﯿﻮي و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺮ روي ﭘﺴﺘﻪ رﻗﻢ ﮐﻠﻪ ﻗﻮﭼﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﺎغ ﺑﻮد. ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ روي-ﮔﻠﺒﺎر ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 0، 0/6، 1/2 و 1/8 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ آب ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و در ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ ﻣﺎه روي درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ، ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي آﻣﯿﻨﻪ آزاد ﮐﻞ، ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﮐﻞ و ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺮگ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ دﻓﺎﻋﯽ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ آﻧﺰﯾﻤﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز، آﺳﮑﻮرﺑﺎتﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز، ﮔﺎﯾﺎﮐﻞﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز و ﻓﻨﯿﻞآﻻﻧﯿﻦ آﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﻟﯿﺎز ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ و از اﯾﻦ رو ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺗﯿﻮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪﻫﯿﺪروژن، ﻣﺎﻟﻮنديآﻟﺪﺋﯿﺪ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮآﻟﺪﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي و ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وزن ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺎزه، وزن ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﮔﻞ و ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ اﻧﺲ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار زﯾﺎدي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 1/8 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ رويﮔﻠﺒﺎر را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺴﺘﻪ رﻗﻢ ﮐﻠﻪ ﻗﻮﭼﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺮﮔﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد.

These days, over the world, the farmers use fertilizers based on amino acids widely to increase the yield of their products and to reduce the destructive effects of stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate foliar spray of 30-year-old pistachio trees using Zn-Golbar combination (70% glutamic amino acid, 10% urea and 20% zinc chelate) on biochemical traits, enzymatic antioxidant defense system, oxidative stress parameters and yield function on Kale-Ghouchi pistachio cultivar under field conditions. Four levels of Zn-Golbar including 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g/ L water were selected as levels of treatmentand were sprayed on trees in April. The results showed that with increasing concentration of this combination, contents of total free amino acids, total soluble protein and proline in leaves increased in comparison with normal condition, significantly. Furthermore, with evaluation of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, it was specified that catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymes activities in leaves increased with increasing concentration of this commercial combination and hence led to the decreasing content of oxidative stress parameters including hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and other aldehydes. The results of this study showed that with increasing concentrations of this commercial combination, significant increasing was observed in the yield and yield-related parameters including fresh and dry weight of pistachio, flower buds and number of grains per panicle in comparison to the control condition, while ounces of pistachio reduced extremely. According to the results of this study, 1.8 g/L Zn-Gholbar can be introduced as a valuable fertilizer for increasing yield of Kaleh-Ghouchi pistachio cultivar by the foliar spraying.