واكاوي كمي روابط شهر و روستا با استفاده از مدل هاي AHP و VIKOR ؛ مطالعه موردي: ايلام

(Quantitative Analysis of Village-Urban Relations (Case Study: Ilam County

پپيوندهاي روستا- شهري قسمتي از واقعيت هاي زندگي روزانه يك خانوار ساكن نواحي روستايي است. از اين رو پيوندهاي روستايي- شهري در تنظيم و بيان سياست هاي توسعه با هدف كاهش فقر و حمايت از نقش مثبت مراكز شهري در توسعه نواحي روستايي پيراموني مورد تاكيد قرار دارد؛ بنابراين مطالعه و بررسي روابط شهر و روستا از مهمترين مباحث در برنامه ريزي هاي فضايي و منطقه اي مي باشد. لذا تحقيق حاضر به تحليل روابط شهر و روستا به منظور تعيين حوزه نفوذ شهر ايلام در سطح شهرستان پرداخته است. روش تحقيق در پايان نامه حاضر توصيفي، تحليلي و روش گردآوري اطلاعات كتابخانه اي و ميداني و تحليل و تجزيه اطلاعات پرسشنامه از آزمون هاي T-test و مدل AHP و VIKOR استفاده شده است. يافته ها نشان ميدهد با توجه به آزمون T-test كه متغير جريان هاي اقتصادي با ميانگين 2/959، جريان هاي مهاجرتي با 2/5518 پايين تر از حد مبنا و جريان هاي اجتماعي- فرهنگي با ميانگين 3/5677، جريان هاي كالبدي- فضايي با 3/3259 و جريان هاي اداري-سياسي 3/8337 بالاتر از حد مبنا مي-باشد. نتايج مدل AHP نشان داد كه شاخص سياسي- اداري از نظر اهميت در رتبه اول قرار دارد. با تحليل مدل VIKOR گروه روستايي كه كمترين فاصله با شهر داشته است در رتبه اول قرار و گروهي كه بيشترين فاصله با شهر داشت در رتبه آخر گرفته است. در نهايت با توجه به نتيجه تحقيق مي توان گفت كه شهر ايلام نقش قطبي در سطح شهرستان دارد اما با افزايش فاصله سطح نفوذ اين شهر نيز كاهش پيدا مي كند.

Introduction The rural- urban links are considered as a part of realities of everyday life in an inhabitant family in rural regions. Thus, rural- urban links are emphasized in regulation and expression of development policies by aiming at reduction of poverty and supporting from positive role of urban centers to expand surrounding rural areas. Hence, one of the foremost topics in spatial and regional planning is the study and analysis on relations among city and village. Therefore, the current research has analyzed the village- city relations to determine field of influence of Ilam city through the given town. With respect to the objective, it will be answered to this question: ‘How is the structure resulting from relations among Ilam city and the surrounding villages? an‎d which of parameters has the highest effect and what of the rural groups that have been specified according to distance may have the highest relationship with Ilam city? Methodology The present research is of applied one in terms of type and goal and it is descriptive- analytical type with surveying strategy in terms of nature. The methodology of current study is of combinatory type and both quantitative and qualitative techniques are employed in multiphase process (ranging from item design and data collection to interpretation of results). The field data are collected by appropriate tool such as questionnaire in this type of methodology and they are encoded and included in this process thereby to execute statistical tests and quantitative analyses on them in SPSS environment. The data have been collected by special questionnaire for the public people in this survey so that thereby one could test hypotheses by T- statistical exams, AHP and VIKOR models. The statistical population of the study comprises of inhabitant families in Ilam villages and they have been divided into four groups based on distance and 2 villages were selected from any group. In fact, statistical population includes all groups of inhabitant people in these 8 villages with statistical population composing of 5’024 families. Similarly, the sample size amounts to 346 inhabitant families in villages of Ilam city that have been calculated by two methods of Cochran and Morgan’s table to determine sample size of population. Results and Discussion The single-sample T-test has been adapted to determine status of research variables where items of any variable are combined with each other and analyzed using single- sample T-test. The given results indicate that with respect to average limit of 3, among 5 research variables, variables of economic trends (Mean-value=2.1959) and migratory trends (Mean – value= 2.5518) are lower than the base and standard limits. This mean difference is statistically significant at level higher than 95% reliable in terms of level of confidence (Sig= 0.000). Likewise, social-cultural trends (Mean=3.5677), formative-spatial trends (Mean=3.3259), and administrative- political trends (3.8337) are placed at subsequent ranks. The results of this study show that that with respect to average limit of 3 therefore there is strong relationship among them in terms of three above-said variables. This mean difference is statistically significant at level higher than 95% and reliable. Similarly, research parameters were ranked using comments from experts accordingly parameter of political- administrative variable (0.398) was placed at first rank and parameter of migratory trends (0,095) was calculated as the last rank. The results derived from VIKOR test indicate that the rate of influence is reduced by increase in distance so that there is the highest relationship in distance less than 5km (coefficient=0) and 5-15km (coefficient=0.562518) at the second rank while there is the least relationship in distances greater than 15-30km (coefficient=0.918451) and farther than 30km (coefficient=1). Therefore, this relationship is tangibly reduced by increase in distance. Conclusion In order to examine the research subject and goals, 41 items were utilized within five parameters (economic, social-cultural, migratory, formative- spatial, and political- administrative) in four interval groups and 8 villages. The pairwise comparison was used to attain an appropriate answer and single-sample t-test was utilized for ranking of parameters by means of SPSS software medium. The VIKOR test was utilized to determine this status and AHP model for ranking of villages based on their distance from them. The items in any variable were combined with each other and variables of this study were analyzed by means of single-sample T-test. The given findings show that with respect to average limit of 3in T-test, among five research variables, the variables of economic trends (Mean=2.1959) and migratory trends (Mean=2.5518) are lower than base limit and standard. Likewise, social-cultural trends (3.8337) and administrative- political trends (3.3259) and formative- spatial trends (3.5677) are ranked after these variables. The results of this survey show that given average limit of 3, this model enjoys strong relationship in terms of three variables in which political-administrative variable (0.398) is placed at first rank in terms of importance and parameter of migratory trends (0.095) was ranked in four rural groups and VIKOR results were placed at the last rank. Similarly, using of this model; finally indicates the rate of influence is reduced by rising distance. Finally, with respect to result of study, it can be implied Ilam city plays a polar goal through this city but the level of influence of this city is also reduced by rising distance between them.