تأثير توالي زماني احياي بيولوژيك بر عملكرد مراتع بياباني (مطالعۀ موردي: مراتع خواف، خراسان رضوي)

Effect of Temporal Succession of Biological Restoration on Desert Rangeland (Case Study; Khaf Rangelands, Khorasan Razavi Province)

ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ در ﻃﻮل زﻣﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﮑﺲاﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ، زﯾﺮا ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺟﻬﺖ ارﺗﻘﺎء آن اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻮاﻟﯽ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﮔﯿﺎه زردﺗﺎغ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮاف ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺳﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودة ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺗﺎﻏﮑﺎري ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﮥ زردﺗﺎغ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت 20 ،10 و 30 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ در آن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري در اﻣﺘﺪاد 3 ﺗﺮاﻧﺴـﮑﺖ 100 ﻣﺘﺮي ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﮥ 10 ﻣﺘﺮي از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﺮ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﺪوده و در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 12 ﺗﺮاﻧﺴـﮑﺖ، اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷــﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭼﺸــﻢاﻧﺪاز ﺳــﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري، ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ﭼﺮﺧﮥ ﻋﻨﺎﺻــﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از 11ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻮاﻟﯽ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ اﺣﯿﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري وﺟﻮد دارد )P<0/01(. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري و ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودة ﺗﺎﻏﮑﺎري ﺷﺪة 30 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ا ﺳﺖ. ﺑﯿﻦ زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺣﯿﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎ ﺷﺖ ﺗﺎغ، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭼﺮﺧﮥ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد )P<0/01(. ﺑﯿ ﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻨﺎ ﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودة ﺗﺎﻏﮑﺎري ﺷﺪة 30 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ، ﺗﺎﻏﮑﺎري 20 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ، ﺗﺎﻏﮑﺎري 10 ﺳــﺎﻟﻪ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﺷــﺎﻫﺪ اﺳــﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﻧﺸــﺎن از ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﺣﯿﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼــﻮﺻــﯿﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ دارد و اﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬر زﻣﺎن در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The present research aims to investigate the effect of temporal succession on the biological operation of planting Haloxylon persicum on the functional characteristics of rangelands in Khaf County. Three rangelands in which H. persicum planting operations were performed at different ages of 10, 20 and 30 years, and the control area were selected. Sampling along 3 transects of 100 meters, located 10 meters apart, were measured and analyzed for each area and a total of 12 transects. Using the function analysis method, three characteristics of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycle were measured using 11 soil surface indexes. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the succession times for biological restoration from the functional point of view (P <0.01). The highest degree of stability and infiltration is related to the H. persicum range of 30 years old and the smallest of it belongs to the control area. There is a significant difference between the biological regeneration time of H. persicum planting and the control area in terms of nutrient cycle index (P <0.01). The highest levels of nutrients are related to the 30-year-old H. persicum, 20-year-old H. persicum, 10-year-old H. persicum, and the control area. In general, the results of the present study indicate positive biologic effects on the characteristics of the rangeland function, and these positive effects are evident in increasing the functional indexes over time.