تحليل شبكه و سرمايۀ اجتماعي درون گروهي در مديريت مشاركتي منابع آب (مطالعۀ موردي: روستاي صدرآباد، حوزۀ آبخيز ندوشن يزد)

Analysis of the social network and bonding social capital in participatory management of water resources (Case study: Sadrabad Village, Nodoushan catchment, Yazd Province)

آب ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺗﻮ ﺳﻌﻪ ﮐ ﺸﻮرﻫﺎ و ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﻗﺮن ﺣﺎ ﺿﺮ ﺑ ﺸﺮﯾﺖ ا ﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﻨ ﺸﺄ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن از آن دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ، ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري و ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺼﺪيﮔﺮي دوﻟﺖ و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن و ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ اﻣﮑﺎنﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺒﮑﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﮥ ﯾﮏ روﯾﮑﺮد در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رواﺑﻂ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺒﮑﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎن ﻋﺮﻓﯽ ﺻﺪرآﺑﺎد در ﺣﻮزة آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﻧﺪوﺷﻦ ﯾﺰد اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دو ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻼن و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻧﺴﺠﺎم و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﺳﺖ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺣﺪ زﯾﺎد، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪة ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﯿﺰان اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﯾﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ در ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎي اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺ QAP، 64 درﺻﺪ و در ﺣﺪ زﯾﺎد و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﮥ ژﺋﻮدزﯾﮏ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دو ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ در ﺣﺪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸـﺎن دﻫﻨﺪة ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﮔﺮدش اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺷـﺒﮑﮥ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آب در ﺻﺪرآﺑﺎد ﭘﺘﺎﻧ ﺴﯿﻞ اﻧ ﺴﺠﺎم و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺸﺘﺮ را دارد، ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﻧﯿﺎز آن، ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از و ﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺳﺐ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد در ﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ اﺳﺖ.

Water is one of the major sources of development in countries and one of the greatest challenges of the present century, which can be the source of many of the positive and negative developments in the world, and in fact destruction of water resources is the destruction of the foundations of development. Researches has shown that improved management of conservation, exploitation and distribution of water resources is possible by reducing Governmental Entrepreneurship and stakeholders' participation and community participation through participatory management. Accordingly, social network analysis is considered as an approach to analyzing the relationships of local stakeholders for sustainable water resources management. The purpose of this research is to survey social network of local stakeholders using social network analysis in Sadr Abad village in Nodoushan catchment of Yazd. This research has been done on the basis of two connections of trust and participation using network level and subgroup level indicators. The results indicate that the degree of cohesion and social capital is moderate, and the stability and equilibrium of the network is also high, which indicates the high level of transmission in the relationships of trust and participation. Also, the correlation between the two connection of trust and participation, based on the QAP index, is 64 percent and it is appropriate and high level. Water management network in Sadrabad has the potential of greater cohesion and social capital, that prerequisite of it is to utilize the appropriate state of trust to increase participation.