آﺷﮑﺎرﺳﺎزي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎﭼﮥ ﻣﻬﺎرﻟﻮ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ اﻃﺮاف آن ﻃﯽ دورة زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 1381-1394

Changes Detection of Mahrloo Lake Level and it's Surrounding Landuse in the period 1381-1394

آﺷــﮑﺎرﺳــﺎزي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳــﻄﺢ درﯾﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎ و ﺗﺎﻻبﻫﺎ و اراﺿــﯽ اﻃﺮاف آنﻫﺎ ﻃﯽ دورهﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﯾﮑﯽ از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي دﺳــﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار درﯾﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎ و ﺗﺎﻻبﻫﺎ ا ﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﻄﺢ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ارا ﺿﯽ اﻃﺮاف درﯾﺎﭼﮥ ﻣﻬﺎرﻟﻮ از ﺗ ﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهاي ﻟﻨﺪ ﺳﺖ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1381 و 1394 ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗ ﺼﺤﯿﺤﺎت ﻫﻨﺪ ﺳﯽ و اﺗﻤ ﺴﻔﺮي ﺑﺮ روي آنﻫﺎ، ا ﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ا ﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻬﯿﮥ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ و ﻧﻘﺸﮥ ﺷﺪت ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﺳﺎدة ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ )PCA( و ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻓﺎزي )FUUZY LOGIC( اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳــﻄﺢ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اﻃﺮاف درﯾﺎﭼﮥ ﻣﻬﺎرﻟﻮ ﻧﺸــﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1381 ﺗﺎ 1394ﺳﻄﺢ آب درﯾﺎﭼﻪ 87 در ﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دا ﺷﺘﻪ ا ﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ آب درﯾﺎﭼﻪ، ﻣﯿﺰان ارا ﺿﯽ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺪون ﭘﻮﺷﺶ و ﺷﻮرهزار ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺮان 46 درﺻﺪ و 85 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺷﺪت ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ 82 درﺻﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات، داري ﺷﺪﺗﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ 50-100 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺪت ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ 22 درﺻﺪي ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ آن ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮة آﺑﯽ درﯾﺎﭼﮥ ﻣﻬﺎرﻟﻮ اﺳﺖ. ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ آب درﯾﺎﭼﮥ ﻣﻬﺎرﻟﻮ داراي ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰيﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آنﻫﺎ و ﺧﻄﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ آب در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ اﺳت

One of the strategies to achieve sustainable management of lakes and wetlands is change detection of lakes, wetlands and their surrounding landuses during the specific time periods. In this research, the satellite images from 1381 to 1394 applying geometric and atmospheric corrections were used in order to monitor the changes of the Maharloo Lake level and its surrounding lands Image subtraction techniques, the principle component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy logic were used for providing the maps of landuse changes and drastically changes. The obtained results of Maharloo landuse changes showed that the lake water level has decreased 78 percent during 1381 to 1394. Reducing the lake water level, the landuses of bare and saline lands increased 46 and 58 percent respectively. The obtained results of the drastic changes showed that 82% of the changes have had the intensity between 50-100 percent. The most intensity of the changes with reduction of 22 percent was related to water body of Maharloo. The reduction of Maharlu Lake water level have different consequences therefore management planning is necessary to prevent its ecosystem degradation and Risks of reduced water levels in recent years.