ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آﺑﺪﻫﯽ ﭼﺸﻤﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺳﺘﯿﮏ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ اﻟﺒﺮز ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ

Determining of effective factors on Karstic springs of central Elburze region

در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﮔﺴﻞﻫﺎ، درز و ﺷـــﮑﺎفﻫﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ژﺋﻮﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن زﺑﺮي ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺷـــﺎره ﮐﺮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳـــﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﮐﺎرﺳﺘﯽ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ رﺧﺪاد ﭼﺸﻤﻪﻫﺎ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ اﻟﺒﺮز ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ذﺧﯿﺮة آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺳﻨﺠﺶازدور ﺗﻬﯿﻪ، ﺳﭙﺲ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻻﯾﮥ ﭼﺸﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻼﻗﯽ ﻗﺮار رﻓﺖ و از ﻧﻈﺮ آﻣﺎري )ﻫﻤﺒﺴـــﺘﮕﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ( ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ارﺗﺒﺎط آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣ ﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﭼ ﺸﻤﻪﻫﺎ و ﻣﻘﺪار آﺑﺪﻫﯽ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﮥ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ژﺋﻮﻣﺮﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮي اﻧﺤﻨﺎي داﻣﻨﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ا ﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ د ﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻫﻤﺒ ﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮ ﺳﻮن، ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺧﻄﻮاره و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ زﻫﮑﺸﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ 99% ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس آﺑﺪﻫﯽ ﭼﺸﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ زﻫﮑﺸﯽ راﺑﻄﮥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺧﻄﻮاره راﺑﻄﮥ ﻋﮑﺲ دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ 17 ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮوز و دﺑﯽ ﭼﺸـــﻤﻪﻫﺎ، ﺷـــﺶ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ داراي ﻣﻘﺪار وﯾﮋة ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮ از 1 ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺷﺶ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎً 73/5 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي )وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ( ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ را ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ دﻫﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ رواﺑﻂ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺎرز ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در اﺳﺘﻌﺪادﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮐﺎرﺳﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

For developing of water resources a lot of different factors (such as: geological structure, faults, joints and geomorphological metrics) are important. This research tried to assess the effects of geomorphology on karstic water resources in central Elburz region. Geomorphometrics indices were prepared in the form of separate layer in GIS and RS and were overlaid on the springs distribution map. To assess the relationship between springs frequency, discharge and geomorphology statistical analysis such as correlation and factor analysis were done. Results indicate a close relation between spring occurrence and hillslope curvature and TPI. Also the Pearson correlation coefficient of elevation and lineament density and drainage density was significant (P<0.01). According to results the discharge of springs are directly related to drainage density and indirectly related to elevation and lineament density. Moreover the fetor analysis on 17 variables revealed that the first six components had Eigen value of more than 1 and 73.5% of total variance was explained by them. Result indicated that for future developing such a geomorphology characteristics can give suitable information of water resources.