پهنه‌بندي مكاني مناطق تغذيۀ آبخوان در مناطق كارستي (مطالعۀ موردي: آبخوان كارستي آژوان- بيستون استان كرمانشاه)

Evaluation and zoning recharge in karstic areas (Case Study: Azhvan-Bisotun karst aquifer in Kermanshah)

ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ، ﻣﯿﺰان و ﺗﻮزﯾـﻊ ﻓﻀـﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻐﺬﯾـﻪ در آﺑﺨﻮانﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺳﺘﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﭼﻮن ژﺋﻮﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟـﻮژي ﮐﺎرﺳـﺖ و ﻣﯿـﺰان ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﮥ آن، اﻗﻠـﯿﻢ، ﺷﯿﺐ، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﺧﺎك و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻣﯿﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ دارد. آﺑﺨﻮان ﮐﺎرﺳﺘﯽ آژوان-ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻮن در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، ﻧﻘﺶ اﺻﻠﯽ را در ﮔ ﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﺪﻧﯿﺖ و ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ آب ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﻧ ﺴﺎﻧﯽ دارد. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﮥ آﺑﺨﻮان آژوان-ﺑﯿ ﺴﺘﻮن در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪلKARSTLOP اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻘﺸﮥ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﺮوﭼﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ و ﭘﻮﻟﯿﻪﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ، ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺼﺮي و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺪل رﻗﻮﻣﯽ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ، ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻬﯿﮥ ﻧﻘ ﺸﮥ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﻮ ﺳﻌﮥ ﮐﺎر ﺳﺖ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ، از ﻣﺪل ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻓﺎزي و ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ا ﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ از ﻣﺪلKARSTLOP اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷــﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻧﺸــﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻐﺬﯾﮥ ﺳــﺎﻻﻧﮥ ﺑﻪدﺳــﺖآﻣﺪه ﺑﺮاي آﺑﺨﻮان ﮐﺎر ﺳﺘﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺴﺘﻮن ﺑﯿﻦ 36 ﺗﺎ 83 در ﺻﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿ ﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺶ از 78 در ﺻﺪ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ، ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﻤﻮار ﭘﻮﻟﯿﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ داراي ﻓﺮوﭼﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، رخداده و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ 36 ﺗﺎ 40 درﺻﺪ و 40 ﺗﺎ 45 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ در دﺷﺖﻫﺎي آﺑﺮﻓﺘﯽ روي ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﮐﻠﯽ، ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ اﺻـــﻠﯽ ژﺋﻮﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژي ﮐﺎرﺳـــﺖ ﮐﻮه ﺑﯿﺴـــﺘﻮن در ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ در آﺑﺨﻮان اﺳـــﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ، ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ اﺳﺖ.

Feeding areas, and the spatial distribution of recharge in karstic aquifers, depends to factors such as geomorphology karst and its development, climate, slope, vegetation, soil and geological factors. Karstic aquifers in the study area, has the main role in the development of human civilization and supply water to communities. The purpose of this research is modeling the aquifer feeding areas Azhvan-Bisotun in Kermanshah province using KARSTLOP model. The results feed zoning show that the annual charge Bisotun karst aquifer obtained for between 36 to 83 percent. The greatest amount of recharge in areas with more than 78% charged, is accordance sinkholes and the recharge rate of 36 to 40% and 40% to 45% occur in alluvial plains. Bisotun geomorphology karst mountains represent a major role in the spatial distribution of values in the aquifer is recharged.