بررسي ديدگاه آبخيزنشينان در اولويت‌بندي عوامل مؤثر بر مشاركت ضعيف ايشان در طرح‌هاي آبخيزداري (بررسي موردي: حوزۀ آبخيز مراد آباد ميمند، استان فارس)

Investigation of Stakeholders in Prioritizing Factors Affecting Their Poor Participation in Watershed Management Projects (Case Study: Morad Abad Watershed in Meymand, Fars Province)

اﺟﺮاي ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري ﺑﺪون ﻣﺸــﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣﺮدم ﭼﻨﺪان ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻧﺒﻮده اﺳــﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﺷــﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ و زﯾﺮﺷــﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﻣﺮدﻣﯽ، ﮔﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ راﻫﮕﺸﺎي اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮي در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺣﺬف ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ و ﻣﺸــﺎرﮐﺖ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮي آﺑﺨﯿﺰﻧﺸــﯿﻨﺎن در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰيﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه آﺑﺨﯿﺰﻧﺸــﯿﻨﺎن در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ اﯾﺸﺎن در ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري در ﺣﻮزة آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﻣﺮاد آﺑﺎد ﻣﯿﻤﻨﺪ واﻗﻊ در ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ 72 ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ از ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن t و آزﻣﻮن ﻧﺎﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮي ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه آﺑﺨﯿﺰﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي"، آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ- ﺗﺮوﯾﺠﯽ"، ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ- اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ" و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ" داراي ﺑﯿ ﺸﯿﻨﻪ و ﮐﻤﯿﻨﮥ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ در ﻣ ﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ آﺑﺨﯿﺰﻧ ﺸﯿﻨﺎن در ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزة آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ زﯾﺮﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ آﺑﺨﯿﺰﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن در ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزة آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ: درآﻣﺪ ﮐﻢ ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن ﺣﻮﺿﻪ"، ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻣﺤﻠﯽ در اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ )اﺷـﺘﻐﺎلزاﯾﯽ("، "ﻧﺎدﯾﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ درآﻣﺪ ﺑﺮاي آﺑﺨﯿﺰﻧﺸـﯿﻨﺎن ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان اﻧﮕﯿﺰة اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﯿﻢ در اﺟﺮاي ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري" و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮدن ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺳــﻮاد و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ" ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳــﺎس، داﻣﻨﮥ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ 6/93 ﺗﺎ 10/25 ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﺳــﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ زﯾﺮﺷــﺎﺧﺺ درآﻣﺪ ﮐﻢ ﺳــﺎﮐﻨﺎن ﺣﻮﺿــﻪ" ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺗﺒﮥ 10/25 داراي ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯾﻦ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ و زﯾﺮﺷﺎﺧﺺ دﯾﺮﺑﺎزده ﺑﻮدن ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري" ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺗﺒﮥ 6/93 داراي ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ در ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ آﺑﺨﯿﺰﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن در ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮﺿــﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼــﺎص دادﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺸــﺎرﮐﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار آﺑﺨﯿﺰﻧﺸــﯿﻨﺎن در ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﯾﺸﺎن و ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﮥ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ اﻗﺪام ﺟﺪي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﯿﺮد.

Implementation of watershed management projects without the participation of people has not been very successful. Therefore, prioritizing indices and sub-indicators affecting their poor participation is an important step in managing of watersheds and it can lead to taking measures to eliminate barriers to participation and maximum participation of stakeholder in planning. Therefore, in this research the priority of investigation of stakeholders in prioritizing factors affecting their poor participation in watershed management projects in Morad Abad watershed in Meymand, west of Fars province so after completing 72 questionnaires from the head of the household using T test and Friedman nonparametric test were done. The results showed that from the views of stakeholder, the indicators such as "economic", "educational-extensional", "design-executive" and "social" were the maximum and minimum priorities of poor participation of stakeholders in watershed projects in this watershed. Also, the most important sub-indicators on poor participation of stakeholders in watershed projects in this watershed are "low income residents of the watershed," "lack of local power in implementing projects (job creation)", "ignoring income for stakeholders as a direct incentive to implement of watershed management projects ", and" low level of literacy and awareness". Accordingly, the range of average ratings varies from 6.93 to 10.25, so that the sub-indicator "low income residents of the basin" with an average rating of 10.25 has the highest relative priority and "late watershed project efficiency" with an average of 6.93 had the least relative priority in poor participation of stakeholders in watershed projects in this watershed.