ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ درونﮔﺮوﻫﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ (ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﺑﺮﮐﻮه، اﺳﺘﺎن ﯾﺰد)

Assessment of Bonding Social Capital for Establishment of Collaborative Governance of Natural Resources (Case Study: AbarKuh District, Yazd Province)

ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ اﯾﺠﺎد و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﺻﻼح دﯾﺪﮔﺎه از ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫـﺎي ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊﻃﺒﯿﻌـﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﮥ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ اﺳـﺖ. در اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﯾﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ درونﮔﺮوﻫﯽ در دو ﺑﺎزة زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺟﺮاي ﯾﮏ ﭘﺮوژة اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻣﺤﻮر در ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ذيﻧﻔﻌﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﺟﺮاي ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎي اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ و ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ و رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻼن ﺷﺒﮑﻪ )ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ، دوﺳـﻮﯾﮕﯽ، اﻧﺘﻘﺎلﯾـﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﮥ ژﺋﻮدزﯾﮏ( ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در روﺳﺘﺎي اﺳﺪآﺑﺎد ﺳﻔﻠﯽ از ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﺑﺮﮐـﻮه اﺳـﺘﺎن ﯾـﺰد ﮐـﻪ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﺮوژة ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻗﺮار دارد، اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺟـﺮاي ﭘـﺮوژه در ﺑﺎزة زﻣﺎﻧﯽ دو ﺳﺎﻟﻪ )از ﺳﺎل 1393 ﺗﺎ 1395( اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ در ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ، اﯾﻦ ﺑـﺪان ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﯾﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ درونﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري، ﺗﻮازن و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺷﺒﮑﻪ در ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه در ﺣـﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﺑـﻮده و در ﺑﻌـﺪ از اﺟـﺮا اﯾـﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎ زﯾﺎد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﻣﯿﺰان اﺗﺤﺎد و ﯾﮕﺎﻧﮕﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ زﯾﺎدي ارﺗﻘﺎء ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﻣﯿـﺰان در ﭘﯿﻮﻧـﺪ اﻋﺘﻤـﺎد اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژة ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ اﻋﺘﻤﺎدﺳﺎزي و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ روﺣﯿﮥ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در ﺑﯿﻦ اﻓﺮاد و ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﯾﮥ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ درونﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ در اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ را ﺑﻪدﻧﺒﺎل داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Collaborative governance strengthens the relationship between different beneficiaries in line with up-bottom approach to natural resources management. Social capital is one of the major components contributing to the collaborative governance of natural resources. Accordingly, the level of social capital of local beneficiaries was investigated both prior and post collaborative project implementation through the measurement of trust and collaboration ties as well as the measurement of whole network quantitative and mathematical indexes (density, reciprocity, transitivity, and Geodesic distance). Present study was carried out in AsadAbad Sofla village in Abarkuh district of Yazd province as a part of carbon sequestration project. It was revealed that all above-mentioned indexes increased following project implementation during two years (from 2014 until 2016. Density of trust and collaboration ties increased hugely. In other words, bonding social capital enhanced. Consistency and the balance of network was average pre-project implementation but these indicators increased to higher levels. The unity of beneficiaries increased significantly and considerable improvement in trust ties was observed. Therefore, following the implementation of carbon sequestration project, trust building and reinforcement of cooperation occurred and bonding social capital strengthened which left positive effects upon the collaborative governance of natural resources.