تأثير تمرين هوازي در شرايط هايپوكسي نورموباريك بر سطوح سرمي آپلين و مقاومت به انسولين در مردان سالم داراي اضافه‌وزن

Influences of Normobaric Hypoxia Training on Apelin Serum Levels and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Overweight Men

با ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﭘﻠﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﮔﻠﻮﮐﺰ، اﻧﺴﻮﻟﯿﻦ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ آن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﺎﯾﭙﻮﮐﺴﯿﮏ ، ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﺎﯾﭙﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﻧﻮرﻣﻮﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﺑﺮ آﭘﻠﯿﻦ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﻮد ﺑﯿﺴﺖ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺮد ﺳﺎﻟﻢ داراي اﺿﺎﻓﻪوزن )ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر: ﺳﻦ: 23/1±6/7 ﺳﺎل ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺪﻧﯽ: 28/1±2/9 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ (ازﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻃﻼﻋﯿﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت داوﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌ ﮥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺎﯾﭙﻮﮐﺴﯽ و ﻧﻮرﻣﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪاي ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎﯾﭙﻮﮐﺴﯽ در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪ ة 2700ﻣﺘﺮي در داﺧﻞ ﭼﺎدر ﻫﺎﯾﭙﻮﮐﺴﯽ و ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻧﻮرﻣﻮﮐﺴﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﻮرﻣﻮﮐﺴﯿﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت 60درﺻﺪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ اﮐﺴﯿﮋن ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮن از دو ﮔﺮوه، ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ و 48 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﭘﺲ از آﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﮥ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي اﭘﻠﯿﻦ، اﻧﺴﻮﻟﯿﻦ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﻠﻮﮐﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه، از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ) 0.05 < P( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﺎﯾﭙﻮﮐﺴﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﻮرﻣﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ و Vo2maxﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﺪا ﺷﺖ )0.05 > P( ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨ ﺎدار آﭘﻠﯿﻦ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﻮﻟﯿﻦ و اﻧﺴﻮﻟﯿﻦ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﻧﻮرﻣﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﺷﺪ ) 0.05 < P(. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﺎﯾﭙﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﻧﻮرﻣﻮﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳ ﻄﺢ ﺳﺮﻣﯽ اﭘﻠﯿﻦ ﻣﺮدان داراي اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وزن ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﺎﯾﭙﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﻧﺴﺒ ﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﻮرﻣﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد

Considering the apelin effects on glucose metabolism, insulin, and its changes in hypoxia condition conditions, this study aimed to investigate the effect endurance training in normobaric hypoxia on apelin and insulin resistance in overweight men. Twenty healthy overweight men (Mean±SD; Age, 23.1±6.7; BMI, 28.2±1.9) that voluntarily participated in this study were randomly divided in to two hypoxia and normoxia groups. The eightweek training of the hypoxia group was performed at a simulated altitude of 2,700 meters in a hypoxia tent with an intensity of 60% of maximum oxygen consumption and normoxia group training was performed in normal conditions. Blood sampling was done in two groups, before and after 48 hours after the last training session, and used for measuring apelin and insulin and glucose levels. Mixed ANOVA test was used for comparing all variable at a significant level of P≤0.05. The results of comparing all variables changes in both training conditions showed that 8 weeks of training in hypoxic conditions did not affect body composition and VOmax indices compared to exercise in normal conditions (P>0.05), but significantly increased Apelin and significantly decreased insulin resistance and Insulin compared with the normoxia group (P<0.05). This study showed for the first time that eight weeks of training in normobaric hypoxia conditions caused an increase in the apelin serum level in overweight men, and training in hypoxic conditions compared to exercise in normal conditions, cause further decrease of insulin resistance.