پديد آورندگان :
كريم پور، عليرضا دانشگاه آزاد اسلامى واحد تهران مركزى - دانشكده هنر و معمارى، تهران، ايران , ديبا، داراب دانشگاه آزاد اسلامى واحد تهران مركزى - دانشكده هنر و معمارى، تهران، ايران , اعتصام، ايرج دانشگاه آزاد اسلامى واحد تهران مركزى - دانشكده هنر و معمارى، تهران، ايران
كليدواژه :
شبيه سازي مصرف انرژي , نوع پنجره , نسبت پنجره به ديوار , هزينه انرژي , دوره بازگشت سرمايه
چكيده فارسي :
بسياري ازساختمانهاي امروزي بعلت عدم تطابق بااستانداردهاي مصرف،ناگزير ازمصرف بيش ازحدانرژي براي ايجادشرايط آسايش حرارتي بوده وموجب اتلاف منابع انرژي وافزايش هزينه ها ميشوند.پنجره ها بعنوان يكي ازمهمترين اجزاي پوشش حرارتي ساختمان،كارآمدي انرژي و آسايش محيطي را تحت تأثيرقرارداده ودرعين حال بزرگترين عناصر اتلاف حرارتي نيزمحسوب ميگردند.دراين پژوهش نخست يك ساختمان مسكوني نمونه درشهر تهران چندين بار با ويژگيهاي يكسان وتنها باتفاوت درنوع ونسبت پنجره شبيه سازي گرديد و پنجره بهينه ازنظرميزان كارآمدي انرژي مشخص شد.درگام بعد،هزينه هاي انرژي،دوره بازگشت سرمايه و نرخ بهره وري داخلي،يكبار درمدل ساختماني نمونه و بارديگر درحالتيكه پنجره بهينه برروي آن ساختمان شبيه سازي شده بود،محاسبه گرديد.نتايج نشان ميدهد كه تنها با استفاده از پنجره هايي با كارايي بالا و نسبت بهينه،مصرف انرژي تا 20/3 %كاهش مي يابد.همچنين باتوجه به قيمت فعلي سوخت درايران ودوره زماني 17/8ساله براي بازگشت سرمايه كه ازتحليلهاي اقتصادي حاصل شد،هزينه هاي اوليه اضافي با اعمال سياستهاي پيشنهادي جبران خواهد شد.
چكيده لاتين :
Today, with the rapid depletion of fossil energy sources and increasing of environmental problems, supervision and
management of energy consumption becomes more important. Looking at the breakdown of energy consumption by
sectors, the buildings sector is seen as one of the priority areas. About 40% of energy consumption of the residential
buildings in Iran is fossil fuel-derived. In recent years, housing units increased significantly in Tehran as the larges t
and mos t populous city of Iran and targeted subsidies policy is implemented and energy cos ts have gone up. Therefore
providing solutions to reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important.
Windows are one of the mos t important components of building thermal coating that affect the energy efficiency and
environmental thermal comfort. It is obvious windows play a critical role in saving energy because about 30% of the
total energy loss occurs through them.
Therefore the evaluation of the optimal window type and window to wall ratio in the firs t phase of architectural design,
plays an important role in the energy efficiency and improving the quality of indoor environment. The main objective of
this paper is to present an approach that provides assis tance for designers to select optimal ratio of window to wall for
residential buildings concerning economic analysis that affect this assessment.
In this research, a building model as a case s tudy (the six-s tory apartment in the city of Tehran) is considered and then its
energy consumption optimized via simulation software. Based on the simulations, two optimization parameters, window
to wall ratio and type of windows, are evaluated.
In this regard, at the firs t phase, four types of window glazing with same size in four main orientations and a window to
wall ratio of 5 to 55% on residential building was simulated to determine the optimized window to wall ratio through
evaluating of energy consumption. At the next s tep, optimized windows in three directions was considered on building
model for simulations of energy consumption and then optimized windows in terms of energy efficiency was identified.
Finally, for economic analysis of the use of optimal windows, a newly designed building that uses the optimal window
is economically compared to a house that is architecturally and s tructurally similar to exis ting buildings and has more
energy consumption. The energy cos ts, payback period and internal rate of return of these two buildings are compared
to find the economical differences.
The results show that energy consumption of residential buildings in Tehran reduced up to 20/3% only by using high
performance windows and optimum wall to window ratio. It can be concluded that the influence and sensitivity of
window-wall ratio on the total energy consumption are related to the orientation of outside window, and the glazing
types of window. The window orientations could be prioritized in the following order: south, eas t, wes t, and north. Also
according to the current price of fuel in Iran and the 17/8 years payback period that Obtained from economic analysis,
the additional initial cos t will be offset by the proposed policies.
