پديد آورندگان :
سيدحسيني، افسانه سادات دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد , طبيبي، زهرا دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - گروه روانشناسي , كارشكي، حسين دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - گروه علوم تربيتي , مدرس غروي، مرتضي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي مشهد
كليدواژه :
شدت علائم يائسگي , سبك هاي دلبستگي , مكانيزم هاي دفاعي , احساس گناه جنسي
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف
يائسگي پديده پيچيده اي است كه با تغييرات هم زمان زيستي، رواني و اجتماعي در زندگي همراه است و نحوه تجربه كردن آن ممكن است تحت تاثير دوران هاي ديگر زندگي فرد باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي رابطه سبك هاي دل بستگي با شدت علائم يائسگي و نقش ميانجي گري مكانيزم هاي دفاعي و احساس گناه جنسي انجام شد.
روش بررسي
جامعه آماري موردمطالعه در پژوهش حاضر، زنان يائسه 45 تا 65ساله شهر مشهد بودند كه 388 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه گيري در دسترس، مطالعه گرديدند. براي جمع آوري داده ها از پرسش نامه شدت علائم يائسگي گرين، سبك هاي دل بستگي بزرگ سالان هازن و شيور، مكانيزم هاي دفاعي اندروز و احساس گناه جنسي موشر استفاده شد. تجزيه وتحليل داده هاي پژوهش با استفاده از نرم افزار ليزرل و روش تحليل مسير انجام گرديد.
يافته ها
شاخص هاي برازش تحليل مسير، حاكي از برازش كلي مدل مدنظر بود. اثر سبك دل بستگي اجتنابي بر شدت علائم يائسگي (0٫23)، از طريق احساس گناه جنسي (0٫26) و از طريق مكانيزم هاي دفاعي ناپخته و روان رنجوري (0٫24) معنادار بود (0٫01>p). اثر سبك دل بستگي دوسوگرا بر شدت علائم يائسگي (0٫18)، از طريق احساس گناه جنسي (0٫21) و از طريق مكانيزم هاي دفاعي ناپخته و روان رنجوري (0٫20) معنادار بود (0٫01>p).
نتيجه گيري
بر اساس يافته ها، مدل نظري پژوهش تاييد شد و مي توان گفت بخشي از علائم يائسگي زنان دل بسته ناايمن (اجتنابي و دوسوگرا) كه احساس گناه جنسي بيشتري تجربه مي كنند و از مكانيزم هاي دفاعي ناپخته و روان رنجور استفاده مي كنند، نتيجه جسماني سازي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objective: As a complex phenomenon, menopause is accompanied by simultaneous biological, psychic and social changes in
life. Attachment styles have critical role in determining the way a woman behave to her body. Researches have shown that there is a relation
between unsecure attachment and somatization. They are more vulnerable and tolerate more anxiety. Most of them use psychical mechanism to
reduce their anxiety. Moreover, reduction of sexual desire is one of the widespread symptoms of menopause that is related to attachment styles,
too. Sex guiltiness is the most important reason of reduction in sexual desire in women and it is related to somatization. Therefore, this study
was conducted to investigate the relation between severity of menopausal symptoms with attachment styles based on the mediation role of
defense mechanism and sex guiltiness feel.
Methods: According to Morgan table, 388 individuals was participated to study, menopause women ranging from 45 to 65 years old in the city
of Mashhad (Khorasan Razavi province, Northeast of Iran). They were selected by using convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria included to
be in menopausal period, consent to participate in research, between 45 to 65 years old, Mashhad inhabitant, at least elementary literacy, no
background of chronic psychical or physical disease, hysterectomy or artificial menopause and not using replacement therapy like hormone
therapy. For data collection, different questionnaire including that of Greene questionnaire of severity of menopausal symptoms, Hazan and
Shaver's adult attachment style, Andrews' defense style and Mosher's sex guilt were used. These questionnaires were spread in parks and
recreation centers of five main districts of Mashhad. Mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation accounted by the use of SPSS Ver.21 and
data were analyzed by using path analysis in Lisrel software.
Results: Correlation between severity of menopausal symptoms, attachment styles, defense mechanisms and sex guilt were significant (p<0.01).
In another words, with an increase in severity score of menopausal symptoms, participant’s scores in sex guilt, immature and neurotic defense
mechanism, avoidant, and ambivalence attachment styles were augmented. Fitness parameters of path analysis indicated that the model was
generally fitted. The results of path analysis also showed that insecure attachment styles (avoidant and ambivalent) through sex guilt, immature
and neurotic defense mechanism, can affect the severity of menopausal symptoms. The effect of avoidant attachment on severity of menopausal
symptoms was 0.23, through sex guiltiness feel was 0.26 and through immature and neurotic defense mechanism was 0.24 and they were
significant (p<0.01). The effect of ambivalent attachment on severity of menopausal symptoms was 0.18, through sex guilt was 0.21 and through
immature and neurotic defense mechanism was 0.20 and they were significant, too (p<0.01). Women with avoidant or ambivalent attachments
experience more severe symptoms. In addition, women with high score in menopausal symptoms scale, have higher score in immature and
neurotic defense mechanism and sex guilt.
Conclusion: According to findings, conceptual model of the research confirmed and the results of path analysis, indicated that insecure
attachment styles (avoidant and ambivalence) with more sex guilt and by the use of immature and neurotic defense mechanisms, affect the
severity of menopausal symptoms. Thus, effects and relations of attachment styles on the severity of menopausal symptoms are mediated by sex
guilt and defense mechanism. Insecure women experience more anxiety, therefore they use more immature and neurotic defense mechanism that
it results in the increase of severity of menopausal symptoms. Moreover, when women feel sexual guilt, it also may cause the increase in severity
of menopausal symptoms.
