پديد آورندگان :
حكم آبادي، محمدابراهيم دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد گرگان - گروه روانشناسي , بيگدلي، ايمان الله دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - گروه روانشناسي , اسدي، جوانشير دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد گرگان - گروه روانشناسي , اصغري ابراهيم آباد، محمدجواد دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - گروه روانشناسي
كليدواژه :
طرحواره‌درماني , شخصيت سنخ D , حافظهٔ كاري , حافظهٔ آينده‌نگر , پيروي از درمان
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: مطالعات متعددي تلفيق و تركيب دو رشتهٔ روانشناسي و قلب‌شناسي را فراهم آورده‌اند تا به‌كمك علم روانشناسي به پيشگيري و درمان بهتر بيماري‌هاي مرتبط با قلب پرداخته شود. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسي اثربخشي طرحواره‌درماني بر شخصيت سنخ D بر حافظهٔ كاري و حافظهٔ آينده‌نگر و پيروي از درمان بيماران كرونر قلب بود.
روش‌بررسي: اين پژوهش به‌شكل تجربي و شيوهٔ تك‌آزمودني با كنترل خط پايهٔ چندگانهٔ هم‌زمان و با پيگيري شش‌هفته‌اي اجرا شد. جامعهٔ آماري را تمامي بيماران قلبي بيمارستان فوق‌تخصص رضوي مشهد تشكيل دادند. پنج نفر مرد مبتلا به بيماري قلبي به‌روش نمونه‌گيري هدفمند از ميان افراد مراجعه‌كننده به بيمارستان فوق‌تخصصي رضوي انتخاب شدند. بيماران پس از احراز شرايط درمان در پژوهش حاضر شركت كردند. اثربخشي پروتكل درماني طي سه مرحلهٔ خط پايه و درمان ده‌جلسه‌اي و پيگيري شش‌هفته‌اي، با استفاده از پرسشنامهٔ شخصيت سنخ D، پرسشنامهٔ حافظهٔ آينده‌نگر ذهني (PMQ)، آزمون حافظهٔ كاري وكسلر و پرسشنامهٔ پيروي از درمان (MMAS-8) بررسي شد. داده‌ها به‌روش ترسيم ديداري با استفاده از نرم‌افزار اكسل و همچنين محاسبهٔ فرمول شاخص تغيير پايا (RCI) و فرمول درصد بهبودي تحليل شدند.
يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد تكنيك‌هاي شناختي، تجربي، روابط بين‌فردي و رفتاري در طرحواره‌هاي ناسازگار (0٫074=p)، شخصيت سنخ(D (0٫033=p، حافظهٔ كاري (0٫085=p)، حافظهٔ آينده‌نگر (0٫042=p) و پيروي از درمان پزشكي (0٫003=p) بيماران قلبي از نظر آماري و باليني معنادار بود.
نتيجه‌گيري: بنا به نتايج به‌دست‌آمده طرحواره‌درماني در كاهش شخصيت سنخ D، افزايش حافظهٔ كاري و آينده‌نگر و پيروي از درمان پزشكي فراگير مؤثر است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objective: Many studies have provided the combination and incorporation of the fields of psychology and Cardiology. Using
science of psychology has been suggested to prevention and treatment of diseases related to the heart. Type D personality is recognized as a risk
factor for a wide range of diseases. Type D personality is the interaction of two stable personality traits: negative affectivity (NA), which is the
tendency to negative emotions experience across time and situations, and social inhibition (SI), which is the tendency to inhibit the expression
of emotions. Patients who have high score in NA, frequently report feelings of dysphoria, worry, tension and patients who have high score in SI
tend to avoid negative reactions from others. Adherence to medication is defined as a degree to the patient who is in accordance with the interval
and dose regimen prescribed. Adherence to medication refers to the degree or extent of compliance to the health care provider’s recommendations
for day–to–day treatment. Cognitive function disturbances in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) occur relatively often. This fact can
have significant influence on physiological, psychological and social aspects of a patient’s life. A recent study found that although heart doctors
do cognitive problems test, but many of them miss memory loss in their patients. However, some heart doctors do not believe that diagnose of
cognitive problems is not their duty, and they are mainly trained to focus on heart problems. They feel that check for memory problems should
be done by primary care physicians. However, if you care someone with heart disease, make sure that one of their doctors tests them for memory
loss, as it could be the difference in the success or failure of their treatment. Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that
is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing. Working memory is important for reasoning and the guidance of
decision–making and behavior. Prospective memory is a form of memory that involves remembering to perform a planned action or recall a
planned intention at some future point in time. Prospective memory tasks are common in daily life and range from the relatively simple to
extreme life or death situations. This study aimed to evaluate schema therapy on personality type D, working and prospective memory and
adherence to treatment in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Methods: Five man with heart disease were selected from patients referred to Mashhad (Northeast of Iran) Razavi hospital along with using
purposeful sampling method. The statistical population of all cardiac patients was Razavi Specialist Hospital in Mashhad. Patients participated
in this study after obtaining treatment requirements. The efficacy of treatment protocol was evaluated in three phase (Baseline, 6 session treatment
and 6 weeks follow–up) by using the Type D personality questionnaire (DS14), prospective memory questionnaire, Wechsler working memory
test and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS–8–Item). The data were analyzed using visual analysis using Excel software, calculating
the permanent change index (RCI), and calculating recovery percentages.
Results: The results showed that cognitive, experimental, interpersonal and behavioral techniques in the D character was (p=0.033), working
memory was (p=0.085), prospective memory was (p=0.042), and follow–up therapy medicine was (p=0.003). Cardiovascular patients were
statistically and clinically significant.
Conclusion: According to the results, schema therapy waseffective in reducing personality type D, increasing working memory, reducing
prospective memory defects and increasing the medication adherence to treatment.
