پديد آورندگان :
طاهري، مرتضي دانشگاه بين المللي امام خميني قزوين - گروه علوم ورزشي , ايراندوست، خديجه دانشگاه بين المللي امام خميني قزوين - گروه علوم ورزشي , ميرمعزي، مسعود دانشگاه آزاد تهران مركز - دانشكدۀ تربيت بدني و علوم ورزشي , طاهري، زينب دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي كرج
كليدواژه :
يوگا , ذهني , سالمند , محدوديت حركتي
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: سالمندي با افزايش محدوديت حركتي و متعاقب آن سقوط همراه است. انجام‌دادن تمرين‌هاي بدني معمولي براي سالمندان داراي محدوديت حركتي دشوار است. بنابراين هدف از اجراي اين مطالعه بررسي تمرين‌هاي ذهني، يوگا و كوك‌سان‌دو (KSD) بر آزمون‌هاي عملكردي در سالمندان داراي محدوديت حركتي بود.
روش‌بررسي: آزمودني‌هاي تحقيق مشتمل بر هشتاد زن سالمند با محدوديت حركتي و ميانگين سني 2٫92 ± 68٫46 بودند كه داوطلبانه در اين تحقيق شركت كردند و به‌طور تصادفي به سه گروه آزمايشي و يك گروه گواه تقسيم شدند. گروه‌هاي آزمايشي در برنامۀ تمريني KSD، ذهني و يوگا به‌مدت چهار ماه، دو جلسه در هفته شركت كردند. در هر چهار گروه، آزمون لك‌لك براي سنجش تعادل ايستا، آزمون زمان برخاستن و رفتن براي اندازه‌گيري تعادل پويا، آزمون نشستن و دسترسي براي سنجش اندازه‌گيري انعطاف‌پذيري، آزمون صندلي ايستاده براي سنجش قدرت عضلاني پايين‌تنه و پاها، قبل و بعد از دورۀ درنظرگرفته‌‌شده اندازه‌گيري شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS در سطح معناداري 0٫05 تجزيه‌وتحليل شدند.
يافته‌ها: نتايج تحقيق نشان داد كه تمرين‌هاي KSD و يوگا تأثير معناداري بر آزمون‌هاي عملكردي (تعادل ايستا، تعادل پويا، انعطاف‌پذيري و قدرت عضلاني پايين‌تنه و پاها داشت (0٫05≤p)؛ اما دربارۀ تمرين‌هاي ذهني، تأثير معني‌داري بر آزمون‌هاي عملكردي در سالمندان زن داراي محدوديت حركتي مشاهده نشد.
نتيجه‌گيري: بر اساس يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش، تمرين‌هاي منتخب يوگا و KSD توانسته تعادل، انعطاف بدني و قدرت عضلات در اندام تحتاني زنان سالمند را بهبود ببخشد و احتمالاً با افزايش كارايي سيستم حركتي، عصبي و تقويت سازوكار گيرنده‌هاي عمقي عضلات و مفاصل، موجب بهبود تعادل و عملكرد سالمندان شود. با توجه به نتايج تحقيق حاضر، تمرين‌هاي بدني منظم يوگا و KSD از راهكارهاي مناسب براي افزايش تعادل سالمندان محسوب مي‌شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Background &Objective: Aging is a natural process concerning the physiological and psychological changes in humans over a period of time.
Increasing prevalence of aging has recently been reported in Iran and it predicted to be increased tremendously by 2031. Aging affects the
physiological systems associated with balance. The flexibility, strength and balance training program for the elderly can reduce the risk factors
of falling with increasing muscle strength, flexibility, balance, coordination, reaction speed and deep sensation in walking, and enhance the
performance of the elderly in daily life. Elderly people are not able to perform any kind of activity due to some physiological, physical and motor
limitation. Meanwhile, Tai Chi, Pilates and Yoga are activities that good for the elderly. However, the main question is whether the Yoga, Kouk
Sun Do (KSD) and mental exercises that result from any extreme physical exertion stress for the elderly can play a significant role in general
health by promoting balance, muscular and flexibility, which is one of the main factors in improving the performance of elderly people with
mobility limitation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mental practice, yoga and KSD exercises on functional tests
in elderly with mobility limitation.
Methods: A total of 80 elderly women (68.46 ± 2.92) with mobility limitation voluntarily participated in four groups (n=20 in each group).
Experimental groups participated in the KSD, Mental and Yoga exercises for four months, two sessions a week. Stork test for static balance
timed get up and go test for dynamic balance sit and reach test for flexibility, standing chair test for muscle strength of lower body and legs were
performed before and after intervention. Inclusive criteria were women aged above 65 years, mobility limitation, no limitation of mobility due
to amputation, score 7 and above in the abbreviated mental test (AMT) psychological health test, and lack of a regular exercise program in the
past six months. Exclusive criteria were absence if subjects in training sessions. The survey of activities and fear of falling in the elderly (SAFE)
were used to enter elderly with mobility limitation. In implementing the mental training protocol, participants first filled out the movement
imagery questionnaire–revised (MIQ–R) to measure motion visual and visual imaging ability and the imaging scores were less than 1 omitted
in the research. Levene test was used to determine the homogeneity of variances and two–way repeated–measures ANOVA was used to compare
the groups at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Based on the results of two–way repeated–measures ANOVA, there was a significant difference between KSD, mental, yoga and
control groups (p≤0.05). There was also a significant difference in functional tests (static balance, dynamic balance, flexibility and muscular
strength) of the elderly before and after intervention (p≤0.05). The results of Bonferroni test showed a significant difference in KSD and yoga
groups compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Results of the study suggested that performing the yoga and KSD practice protocol improves the static balance, dynamic balance,
physical flexibility and muscular strength of elderly women with mobility limitation. Elderly people can get profit from yoga and KSD training
with no extra need to any special facilities.
