تدوين الگوي توسعه اجتماع محلي در شهرهاي اسلامي

Codifying a community development pattern in Islamic City

مبحث توسعه اجتماع محلي به رغم سابقه نسبتاً طولاني در متون و نوشتارهاي علمي و اجرايي، در اواخر دهه 1980 در قالب نظريه توسعه محلي مورد توجه قرار گرفت. اين در حالي است كه شاخص­هاي مربوط به توسعه اجتماع محلي در شهرهاي اسلامي به رغم وجود بنيادهايِ معرفتي آن در كانون توجه پژوهشگران قرار نداشته و پژوهش­هاي انجام شده در اين مورد بسيار اندك­اند. از اين­رو شناسايي شاخص­ها و ميزان اهميت آنها براي تدوين الگويي در جهت توسعه اجتماعات محلي مناسب با شرايط شهرهاي اسلامي مي­تواند اين رهيافت برنامه­ريزي را بيش از پيش در شهرهاي اسلامي كاراتر سازد. هدف اين پژوهش، شناسايي عناصر الگوي توسعه اجتماعات محلي در شهر اسلامي است و روش اين مطالعه با توجه به سؤالات و اهداف پژوهش، كيفي است كه در دو مرحله بازبيني مدون متون و پيمايشي- مصاحبه با خبرگان به روش دلفي- صورت گرفته است. حجم نمونه مطالعاتي ده نفر از صاحب­نظران حوزه توسعه اجتماع محلي و شهر اسلامي هستند كه به شكل هدفمند انتخاب شده­اند. يافته­هاي پژوهش نشان داده است كه ابعاد اصلي الگوي مورد نظر شامل 4 مؤلفه، 13 معيار و 23 شاخص مي­باشد كه در اين الگو، وزن هر دسته و ترتيب اهميت شاخص­ها در هر دسته نشان داده شده است. طبق نظر خبرگان مهم­ترين مؤلفه مربوط به سياست­هاي كاربردي توسعه اجتماع محلي با امتيازي برابر با 31/8 است كه داراي معيارهايي چون عدالت­محوري، مسئوليت­پذيري، توانمندسازي و مشاركت در امور محله مي­باشد. پس از آن مولفه سرمايه اجتماعي محله با امتياز 27/8، دارايي­هاي مالي محله با امتياز 23/8 و مولفه نهادها و عوامل اثرگذار با امتياز 15/8 قرار دارند. در پايان دور سوم روش دلفي، ضريب هماهنگي كندال براي اين پژوهش معادل 59/0 بدست آمد كه به مقدار نسبتا متوسط تا زياد مي­توان به ترتيب عوامل آن اعتماد كرد.

Local community development topic, in spite of a relatively long history in scientific and executive texts, are considered by the West in the late 1980s as a local development and as a major issue. However, in the Islamic cities, the topic of the community development in spite of its epistemological foundations has been considered less, and there are few written sources available, and the number of books and research published in this regard are very few. Therefore, recognizing the indices and their importance for developing the model in order to community development which is appropriate with Islamic cities condition can make this planning approach more effective than before. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to recognize the elements of the community development model and the method of this research with regards to research questions and goals is qualitative that made from two phases of systematic review of literature and survey –unreview by elites by method of Delphi. In this research, the main dimensions of the proposed model, obtained from three rounds of the Delphi method, including four components, 13 criteria and 23 indicators. In this model, the weight of each category and order of the indicators importance in each category are shown. According to research experts, the practical policies of community development with the score of 8/31 is the most important indicators in the community development pattern in the Islamic city which has the criteria such as justice; responsibility, enabling and participation in neighborhoods affairs. The social capital factor in the second place with the score of 8/27, fiscal assets of community with score of 8/23 and institutions and influential factors with the score of 8/15 are in the nest ranks. In the final step f third round in Delphi method, Kendal consistency quotients has been calculated 0/59 for this research that can be trusted normally. Introduction In the Islamic country of Iran, the community development pattern has attracted much attention of the urban planners and managers in the country and some studies have carried out on this issue. But attention to the Islamic worldview has been forgotten in this pattern, because the community development pattern in Western countries is based on the material worldview and the value system of the West, and it seems that the use of this planning pattern without considering the Islamic worldview can’t have significant effect on Islamic cities. Therefore, the first step is to identify the elements and elements of community development in the Islamic city in order to solve such problems. Therefore, the main question of this study is “What are the dimensions and indicators of community development in the Islamic city and “How much are they important in terms of the impact on the effectiveness of the neighborhood performance?” methodology In the present study was conducted aimed to investigate and find the key factors affecting the development of local community in the Islamic city with the qualitative content analysis approach. In such a way that, first, using library study, the literature on the community and the Islamic city development was extracted, as well as interviewing the experts, a relatively comprehensive understanding about the subject matter was achieved and codes were extracted about the text, then a preliminary framework was provided. Then, the initial framework will be completed in form of final template using the Delphi method and through surveying. Library studies, interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. The statistical population of this study includes university professors, experts in civil engineering consultants and experts who were skilled and had enough experiences in the field of local community and Islamic cities development. Results and discussion it was concluded that the component of applied policies with the criteria for participation in neighborhood affairs (as the most important criterion), Being justice-based, responsibility, and empowerment are most important than other components from the experts point of view in order to achieve the community development pattern in the Islamic city. Also, by studying the results of this study, it can be concluded that among the five criteria of social asset component, social solidarity criterion is the most important one and among the indicators of social solidarity. Conclusion According to the results of this study, for local community development in Islamic cities there should be policies for development and dependency on local assets. the most important indicator for realizing participation in neighborhood affairs is residents' willingness to participate and preparing participatory plans for the community development. The sense of belonging to the neighborhood has a direct effect on the participation of neighborhood’s residents in voluntary activities and membership of neighborhood institutions and it leads to facilitate the process of participation in the neighborhood. The index of the neighborhood mosque is the highest priority among the indicators related to the component of institutions and effective factors. The mosque is considered as an institution that plays an important role in the implementation of social justice and distribution of Beyt al-mal fairly, poverty alleviation, and more.