بررسي تاثير معيارهاي كاربري مسكوني در كاهش جرم خيزي در كلا‌نشهر تبريز

Investigating the effect of residential user criteria in the reduction of Crime in Metropolis of Tabriz

ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮم ﺧﯿﺰي در ﮐﻠﺎﻧﺸﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣـﺎري ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎن در ﺣﻮزه اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻦ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮم ﺧﯿﺰي در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد از دادﮔﺴﺘﺮي ﺗﺒﺮﯾـﺰ60 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨـﺪ. ﭼـﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈـﺮي ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﻧﻈﺮﯾـﻪ اﻧﺠﻤـﻦ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ CPTED ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﻮري ﺳﺎوﯾﻞ ﺑﻮد. اﺑﺰار اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ رواﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸـﻨﺎﻣﻪ از اﻋﺘﺒـﺎر ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاﯾﯽ و ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ از آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن t ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي ﻧﺸﺎن داد؛ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي، اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﻣﻨﯿﺘـﯽ ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴـﮑﻮﻧﯽ و در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وﻗﻮع ﺟﺮم در اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ دارﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﻧﺸﺎن داد؛ از ﺑـﯿﻦ ده ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮم؛ ﭘﯿﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﮔﺴـﺘﺮي ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴـﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑـﺎ در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ اول، ﺗﺮﻏﯿﺐ ﺳﺎﮐﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴـﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑـﺎ 6/66 در اوﻟﻮﯾـﺖ دوم، ﻧﻈﺎرت اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ 6/51 در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺳﻮم، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ 5/97 در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ 5/48 در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﭘـﻨﺠﻢ، ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﯽ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ 5/17 ﺑﺎ در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺷﺸﻢ، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑـﺎ 5/06 در اوﻟﻮﯾـﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ، ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ 4/89 در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ، ﻗﻠﻤﺮوﺑﻨﺪي ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴـﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑـﺎ 4/18 در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻧﻬﻢ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿـﺖ ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴـﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑـﺎ 4/11 در اوﻟﻮﯾـﺖ دﻫـﻢ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮم ﺧﯿﺰي در آﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﻗـﺪاﻣﺎت اﻣﻨﯿﺘـﯽ در رﺗﺒﻪ اول؛ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي در رﺗﺒﻪ دوم و ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در رﺗﺒﻪ ﺳﻮم ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ

Developments and growth of urbanization and uncontrolled growth of non-standard textures and unbalanced spatial and physical growth of urban neighborhoods have caused many problems in all fields and the occurrence of various crimes caused by urban design disorders and inappropriate textures of urban neighborhoods. One of the major problems in urban planning, given the population growth and physical development of cities, is the guidance of urban settlements in accordance with the principles of location. Today, with the increasing expansion of various criteria and criteria of urban planning, there is a need to use models and software that can consider all these criteria and according to a combination of them, meet the various needs of urban managers. Research shows that criminals are often rational in their choice of crime scene and are looking for the least dangerous and appropriate opportunities for crime. Thus, in the city limits, centers are formed that have more criminal opportunities and targets, and consequently higher crime rates. Attention to the space, as a direct factor in the occurrence of crime, in comparison with individual or structural factors, makes it possible to think of more practical solutions to prevent crime. As a result, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of residential use criteria on crime reduction in Tabriz metropolis. The need to conduct this research with the aim of changing and modifying some uses and more control over residential uses with complex physical elements that are vulnerable to crime and achieving measures to reduce crime rates in Tabriz and help to improve safety and security in society Was. The result of the question that in this research, considering the problems raised in Tabriz metropolis, made the researcher's mind investigate; It was a crime among the citizens. Methodology The present study is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of the nature and method of data collection. The statistical population included experts in the field of housing patterns in reducing crime in Tabriz metropolis in 1396. According to the Tabriz Judicial Statistics Department, 60 experts were randomly selected and answered the questionnaire on the impact of residential use metrics in Tabriz metropolis with ten regions. The measurement tool was designed as a researcher-made questionnaire that includes 48 items in a 5-item Likert scale for the identified indicators using crime prevention approaches in residential patterns, which in the factor analysis confirm the removal of 3 items and finally with 45 items were designed. Results and discussion The present article was conducted with the aim of influencing residential use criteria in reducing crime in Tabriz metropolis. The results showed that planning and physical actions, planning and social measures and planning and security measures of high-rise residential uses have an effect on reducing crime in Tabriz metropolis with different values. The second and social indicators are the last priority. As a result, paying attention to the environment and residential patterns in crime prevention can be fruitful. Most theories have focused on physical actions and planning for residential use patterns in crime. However, with the rise of buildings and the lack of control and access to units and residents, theorists turned their attention to social measures and planning in these places and benefiting from the interaction and cooperation of residents in increasing control in such places. Security was considered. Therefore, in the present study, the three criteria of physical, social and security measures and plans and their indicators in reducing crime have been identified and evaluated by residential and criminology experts. Conclusion Based on the results of the present study on the effect of planned and social and security planning and residential measures on residential use reduction patterns in such places and in line with the theories and results of the mentioned research, it can be understood that due to population expansion an‎d the lack of land to build residential areas in metropolitan areas, along with changing people's lifestyles and the increase in apartment living due to the consequences of modernity, as well as the advancement of technology and construction of towers and skyscrapers in metropolitan areas; For the construction of such residential premises in addition to construction and Legal instruments and attention to building strength and safety; in consultation with environmental criminologists and exchanging views with them, it is necessary to provide expert expertise in physical dimensions such as access control - environmental quality - natural monitoring and domination; social such as threshold capacity and social solidarity between Residents should consider preventing and preventing the occurrence of crime in such units. But these plans can be partially effective in reducing crime in these places. Residents also have responsibilities to improve the security of the building. As a result, paying attention to security in and around the building and neighborhood, along with physical and social planning, as a complement and catalyst can play a decisive role in reducing crime in such residential areas. One of the most important and effective interactions is mass monitoring as well as encouraging residents to participate.