پديد آورندگان :
شاملي، ليلا دانشگاه سلمان فارسي كازرون، كازرون - گروه روانشناسي، ايران , متقي دستنايي، شكوفه دانشگاه اردكان، اردكان، ايران , حسين جاني، مليحه دانشگاه اردكان، اردكان، ايران
چكيده فارسي :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعيين ارتباط شكنندگي باورهاي شادي و شادماني تجربه‌شده با نقش تعديل‌كنندگي خوش‌بيني انجام گرفت. در اين پژوهش پيمايشي، 225 نفر از دانشجويان دانشگاه شهيد باهنر شهر كرمان شركت كردند. جهت جمع‌آوري داده‌ها، از روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي چند مرحله‌اي و از پرسشنامه‌هاي خوش‌بيني-بدبيني (LOT)، شكنندگي شادي (FHS) و شادي دروني (SHS) استفاده شد. داده‌ها با روش ضريب همبستگي پيرسون و تحليل رگرسيون چندگانه سلسه مراتبي و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS-22 تحليل شدند. نتايج حاصل از تحليل رگرسيون نشان داد كه شكنندگي باورهاي شادي رابطه منفي معني‌داري با شادماني تجربه‌شده دارد. علاوه بر اين، خوش-بيني توانست رابطه ميان اين متغيرها را تعديل كند. به عبارت ديگر، خوش‌بيني رابطه‌ي شكنندگي باورهاي شادي را بر شادماني تجربه‌شده كاهش داد. بر اين اساس، مي‌توان با طراحي و اجراي مجموعه برنامه‌هاي آموزشي جهت ارتقاي خوش‌بيني در دانشجويان به كاهش ارتباط شكنندگي باورهاي شادي و شادماني تجربه‌شده در آنان دست يافت
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Happiness as one of the most important psychological needs of mankind, has always occupied the human mind because of its major effects on personality formation. Therefore, since happiness is one of the essential emotions of mankind, everyone experiences it at their own expense. Recent studies show that belief that happiness is not a permanent issue, but a fragile variable, is negatively correlated with experienced happiness. This means that maintaining the fragility of happiness beliefs will lead to a weakening of happiness that is accompanied by uncertainty about the likelihood of happiness. In other words, the link between the fragility of the happiness and happiness beliefs experienced depends on one's optimistic and pessimistic expectations of the future. Thus, when there is skepticism, the fragility of happiness beliefs can create a negative outlook that in turn can make it difficult to engage in targeted behaviors and even lead to a failure to understand happy emotions, and vice versa. However, the fragility of happiness beliefs can create a positive outlook that can facilitate the perception of the excitement of happiness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the fragility of happiness beliefs and happiness experienced with the moderating role of optimism.
Method
The research method is descriptive-correlational, the type of path analysis, in which the relationships between variables are studied in the form of a model.
For this study, 225 students from Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were selected by multistage cluster sampling. To collect data, optimism-pessimism (LOT), happiness fragility (FHS) and inner happiness (SHS) questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS-22 software.
Results
The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between the fragility of happiness beliefs and optimism (p ≤ 0.05). However, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between experienced happiness and optimism (p ≤ 0.01). The results of regression analysis for examining the moderating effect of optimism on the relationship between the fragility of happiness and experienced happiness showed that optimism was able to moderate the relationship between the fragility of happiness and experienced happiness. In other words, optimism reduces the relationship between the fragility of happiness beliefs and the happiness experienced.
Conclusion
In general, it can be concluded that the relationship between the fragility of happiness beliefs and the happiness experienced can be reduced in students by improving their optimism. In fact, optimism, by facilitating positive emotions, enables people to better cope with the challenges of their lives, thereby reducing the fragility of happiness beliefs on experienced happiness and increasing their inner happiness. In other words, given that optimism predicts subjective well-being, optimists consider life to be controllable, fun, stress-free, more self-satisfied, relationships with friends than pessimists. Ultimately, optimists will have a deeper quality of life than pessimists, all of which reduces unpleasant emotions and expectations and, as the result, gives them a greater sense of happiness through enjoyable relationships with friends.
