تبيين نيازهاي معنوي بيماران مبتلا به سرطان پستان: يك مطالعهٔ كيفي

Explaining the spiritual needs of breast cancer patients: A qualitative study

زمينه و هدف: سرطان پستان جزو سرطان‌هاي بسيار شايع در بين بانوان است كه شواهد گسترده‌اي بر اهميت معنا و بهزيستي وجودي و معنوي براي آن‌ها دلالت دارند. هدف از اين پژوهش تبيين نيازهاي معنوي در بيماران مبتلا به سرطان پستان بود. روش‌بررسي: اين مطالعه با روش كيفي و رويكرد تحليل محتوا انجام گرفت. شركت‌كنندگان مطالعه را 14 بيمار مبتلا به سرطان پستان كه در بهار و تابستان سال 1398 در نقاهت‌گاه خيريهٔ بهنام دهش‌پور براي انجام كارهاي درماني ساكن بودند تشكيل دادند. نمونه‌گيري به‌صورت هدفمند آغاز شد و تا زمان اشباع داده‌ها ادامه يافت. روش جمع‌آوري داده‌ها مصاحبهٔ نيمه‌ساختاريافته بود. از تحليل محتواي كيفي جهت تجزيه‌و‌تحليل داده‌هاي كسب‌شده از مطالعه استفاده شد. يافته‌ها: بر اساس يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش نيازهاي معنوي شامل دو زيرگروه نيازهاي وجودي و نيازهاي مذهبي بود كه هر كدام شامل زير‌طبقاتي هستند؛ نيازهاي وجودي شامل اميد، جستجوي معنا، قدرشناسي، شهامت، بخشايش و كرامت انساني بود و نيازهاي مذهبي شامل عبادت و انجام مناسك مذهبي، ايمني‌جويي معنوي و نزديكي به خدا بود. نتيجه‌گيري: در اين پژوهش نيازهاي معنوي بيماران مبتلا به سرطان با ژرفاي بيشتري كاوش گرديد كه نتايج آن به نقش مهم دو بُعد مذهبي و وجودي در نيازهاي معنوي بيماران تأكيد مي‌كند. با توجه به نتايج اين پژوهش مشخص شد كه نيازهاي معنوي در طول دورهٔ ابتلاي بيماران مبتلا به سرطان و در رويارويي با آن نقشي

Background & Objective: Among all the types of cancer, breast cancer is the most common type of women's cancer that can cause many challenges for women. The diagnosis of cancer provokes many spiritual crises in the individual. Also, the nature of cancer disease increases the spiritual needs of patients and requires comprehensive care for them. Dealing with the condition can lead to severe crises in one's health; on the one hand, it makes them more vulnerable and, on the other hand, leads to personal and spiritual growth. This study aimed to explain the spiritual needs of breast cancer patients. Methods: This study is a qualitative study conducted with a content analysis approach to explain spiritual needs in patients with breast cancer. The target population of this study was Iranian women with breast cancer. The sample size based on data, and the interview continued until data saturation. As a result, a sample of 14 women with breast cancer recruited at Behnam Deshpour charity resort in spring and summer of 2019. In fact, in this study, after 12 interviews, the data were saturated, and with two more cases, the sample size was 14 women with breast cancer. Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of breast cancer, age between 30 and 50, female gender, ability to speak, and absence of Cognitiveperceptual disorders in patients and the absence of mental disorders in patient's records. Interest in research participation considered another criterion for inclusion. Also, the exclusion criterion was a lack of fluency in the Persian language during the interview. The main method of data collection in this study was in-depth semi-structured individual interviews. The interviews lasted between 30 and 45 minutes. All conversations were recorded in one session using a special audio recorder application and then transcribed verbatim on paper. Other methods used to collect data were field notes used as a complementary and unverified method of interviewing. The researcher also used reminder writing to collect the data. The research used several questions from a pre-designed and related study topic to guide the interview process and data collection. Data were analyzed using continuous comparisons and compared with each other. Also, to increase credibility, the researcher had a long and close relationship with the subject, the research location, and the participants. All interviews were reviewed by the participants while reviewing the code obtained by the contributors, and corrections made using their comments. The review by the participants and colleagues indicated that the data were verifiable. Also, researcher triangulation (employing more than one researcher to collect, analyze, or interpret data) was another method used to increase the validity of the findings. Results: According to the findings of this study, spiritual needs included two subgroups of existential needs and religious needs, each containing subcategories; existential needs include hope, meaning-seeking, gratitude, courage, forgiveness, human dignity, and religious needs. It includes worship and worship, spiritual safety, closeness to God. Conclusion: In this study, the spiritual needs of patients with cancer were explored in greater depth, which results emphasize the important role of two religious and existential dimensions in patients' spiritual needs. These needs may affect patient satisfaction with care and understanding of the quality of care. As a result, it is necessary to pay more attention to the spiritual needs of these patients in order to improve the quality of services provided to them.