تاثير هشت هفته تمرين هوازي بر برخي عوامل درگير در متابوليسم كلسترول در هيپوكمپ و نقش آن در بهبود عملكرد شناختي رت هاي نر ويستار

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Training on Some Factors Involved in Cholesterol Metabolism in the Hippocampus and Its Role in Improving the Cognitive Function of Male Wistar Rats

در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﻟﯿﭙﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدش ﺧﻮن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﻟﯿﭙﯿﺪ در ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﺧﺘﻼلﻫﺎي ﻋﺼﺒﯽ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺧﯿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن دادهاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﺮزاي ﺷﺮوع زودرس آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﮐﻠﺴﺘﺮول در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ درﮔﯿﺮ در ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﮐﻠﺴﺘﺮول در ﻫﯿﭙﻮﮐﻤﭗ و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ رتﻫﺎي ﻧﺮ وﯾﺴﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد. آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ 26ﺳﺮ رت ﻧﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻧﮋاد وﯾﺴﺘﺎر ﻫﺸﺖﻫﻔﺘﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وزﻧﯽ 20± 195 ﮔﺮم ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ: ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ )ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ روي ﺗﺮﯾﺪﻣﯿﻞ، ﭘﻨﺞ روز در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ( )13 رت( و ﮔﺮوه اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺖ )13 رت(. ﭘﺲ از ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ رتﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده ﺑﻪ دو زﯾﺮﮔﺮوه دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﻮن رﻓﺘﺎري )ﻫﻔﺖ رت( ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﮔﺮوه دﯾﮕﺮ )ﺷﺶ رت( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪﺷﺪه در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏراﻫﮥ ﻣﺎز آﺑﯽ ﻣﻮرﯾﺲ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري را در ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي )0.05 < P( و ﺣﺎﻓﻈﮥ )0.05 < P( رت ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏراﻫﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري را در ﺑﯿﺎن ژن ﻫﺎي P < 0.05) APOE( و ABCA1 )0.05 < P( و ﻧـﺒﻮد ﺗـﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌـﻨﺎدار در ﺳـﻄﺢ 42- Aβ1ﻣـﺤﻠـﻮل )0.05 > P( در ﻫﯿﭙﻮﮐﻤﭗ رتﻫﺎي ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﺸﺎن داد؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻮازي ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري در ﺑﯿﺎن ژن ﻫﺎي APOEو ABCA1ﮐﻪ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﮐﻠﺴﺘﺮول در ﻣﻐﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و در ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﯿﻤﺎري آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ درﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻫﻢراﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺷﯿﻮهاي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺑﯿﻤﺎري آﻟﺰاﯾﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Although the metabolism of blood lipids has been widely considered in studies, lipid metabolism in the brain has attracted more attention in recent years due to its association with some neurological disorders. Recent studies have shown that a number of risk factors for early onset of Alzheimer's are associated with cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on some factors involved in the metabolism of cholesterol in the hippocampus and its role in improving the cognitive function of male Wistar rats. The subjects of this study were 26 adult male Wistar 8 weeks old (weight 195±20 g). At first, they were randomly divided into two groups: exercise (training on treadmill, 5 days a week for 8 weeks) (13 rats) and control (13 rats). After 8 weeks, the rats in each group were randomly assigned to two other subgroups: (7 rats: behavioral test, 5 rats were sacrificed). The results of one-way ANOVA of Morris water maze showed a significant improvement in learning (P<0.05) and memory (P<0.05) in the exercise group compared to the control group. Also, the results of one-way ANOVA showed a significant increase in the expression of mRNA APOE (P<0.05) and ABCA1 (P<0.05) and no significant difference in the level of Aβ1-42 (P>0.05) in the hippocampus in exercise group compared to the control group. Therefore, aerobic training by a significant increase in the expression of mRNA APOE and ABCA1, which are the main factors of lipid metabolism in the brain and which are involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, can be consistent with improving cognitive function as an effective way of preventing of Alzheimer's disease.