تحليلي بر نقش كيفيت فضاهاي عمومي در پايداري اجتماعي (مورد پژوهي: محله تجريش)

Analyzing the Impacts of Quality of Public Space on Social Sustainability (Case Study: Tajrish Neighborhood)

هزاره سوم به عنوان "سدۀ شهرها" با چالش هايي دلهره آوري همراه است كه نشأت گرفته از فعاليت هاي مخرب نوع بشري بويژه در بستري به نام "شهر" طي چهار دهه گذشته است. اين امر تكاپو براي آباداني و بهروزي شهرها با رهيافتي دگرسان (توسعه پايدار) را به بايستگي اجتناب ناپذير مبدل ساخته است. در اين ميان، حفظ و توسعه فضاهاي عمومي با كيفيت به عنوان عنصر حياتيِ شهري كامياب، رهيافتي نيرومند و موثر براي ارتقاي رخساره مغفول پايداري شهري (پايداري اجتماعي) تلقي گشته و در دستور كار برنامه ريزان، سياست مداران درگير در عرصه مسائل شهري قرار گرفته است. در اين راستا، اين مقاله به مفهوم سازي اين نقش حياتي فضاهاي عمومي پرداخته و سپس با توسعه شاخص­ هاي جامع و پرسشنامۀ منبعث از آن­ها، به بررسي كيفيت فضاهاي عمومي محله تجريش و همچنين رابطۀ بين كيفيت فضاهاي عمومي و پايداري اجتماعي از ديدگاه ساكنان محله پرداخته است. روش تحقيق به صورت پيمايشي و از نوع همبستگي بوده و جامعه آماري ساكنان محله تجريش مي باشند. حجم جامعه نمونه با توجه به فرمول دنيل 401 نفر تعيين و براساس آزمون­هاي t، رگرسيون و تحليل مسير اقدام به تحليل داده­ها نموده است. يافته­ ها نشان مي­دهد كه شاخص ­هاي دربرگيرندگي، ايمني و امنيت و فعاليت­هاي معنادار مهم­ترين شاخص ­هاي موثر در كيفيت فضاهاي عمومي در محله تجريش مي­باشند. همچنين در بررسي ميزان اثرگذاري شاخص­ هاي كيفيت فضاي عمومي بر پايداري اجتماعي شاخص­ هاي ايمني و امنيت، دسترسي، فعاليت­هاي معنادار و دربرگيرندگي به صورت مستقيم و مطلوبيت و آسايش به طور غير مستقيم بر پايداري اجتماعي در محله تجريش تاثير گذار مي­ باشند. همچنين فعاليت­هاي معنادار و دربرگيرندگي اثرات مستقيم و غير مستقيم بر پايداري اجتماعي محله دارند.

Introduction Despite the fact that throughout the history of public spaces it forms the basis for public life, civil movements, business commerce, socialization, social exchange, recreation, protest, thinking and deep thinking, it has been nearly 100 years since the decline are increasingly being continued. This is evident in Tehran's urban neighborhoods. Considering this issue and considering the increasing importance of public spaces in the third millennium of the present research, the present study seeks to consider the role of the quality of public spaces in the sustainability of urban neighborhoods while deepening the concept of public space and social sustainability through the development of comprehensive and applied indicators. Methodology The research method is survey and correlation type. Firstly, based on the study of global literature6 indicators and 34 indicators, were compiled for measuring the quality of public spaces for 28 indicators for social sustainability, and then analyzing the relationship between the quality of public spaces in the neighborhood an‎d the aspects of social sustainability of the city from the point of view of residents of the neighborhood. The population of this study was Tajrish residents with a population of 12603 people. The sampling method was simple random and the formulas of Daniel (1995) were used to determine the sample size. Results and Discussion Finally, based on the standardized coefficient of the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable, the results of Table 8 show that the quality indicators of the overall space have a statistically significant effect on social sustainability. In terms of coefficient of effect of variables on social sustainability, safety and security variables with coefficient of effect of 0.336 have the most effect on social sustainability. After that, access accessibility variables with a coefficient of influence of 311/0, a significant activity with a coefficient of influence of 239/0, an impact factor of 0.160 directly affected the economic stability of the Tajrish neighborhood. The desirability and comfort indicators have not had a direct effect on social sustainability. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the quality of public spaces in Tajrish district is not desirable. Also, the most important indicator of the quality of public spaces in this neighborhood is the index, in terms of coverage, meaningful activity, safety and security. In addition, the results of correlation tests showed that there is a positive correlation between the quality of public spaces of the neighborhood and its social stability. This suggests that by increasing the quality of the public spaces in Tajrish district, social sustainability will increase, and in contrast to declining quality of public space indicators, social sustainability will also decrease. In determining the coefficients with respect to the regression test, it was determined that safety and security index, access, meaningful activity and inclusion respectively had a direct effect on social sustainability. It was also found that the index of content and comfort indirectly affects social sustainability. In addition, meaningful activity and engagement have direct and indirect effects on social sustainability.