چالش هاي ساختاري طرح ريزي توسعه شهري از نگاه رويكرد راهبردي (اولويت ها و تأثيرات آن در كلان شهر اهواز)

Structural Challenges of Urban Development Planning from the Viewpoint of Strategic Approach: Priorities and its Effects in Ahvaz Metropolis

در اين پژوهش، با هدف شناسي كاربردي-توسعه اي و با روش شناسي توصيفي- تحليلي تلاش شده است تا به تحليل چالش‌ها و نارسايي‌هاي موجود در ساختار طرح ريزي توسعه شهري از نگاه رويكرد برنامه ريزي راهبردي در كلان شهر اهواز پرداخته شود. بنابراين دو سؤال اصلي پژوهش به صورت ارزيابي چگونگي اولويت چالش‌هاي مراحل ساختاري طرح ريزي راهبردي در كلان شهر اهواز و چگونگي تأثير اين مراحل بر تحقق پذيري رويكرد راهبردي در طرح ريزي توسعه شهري در كلان‌شهر اهواز مي‌باشد. جامعه نمونه پژوهش 60 نفر از كارشناسان و متخصصان مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش مي‌باشد. براي جمع آوري داده‌ها به روش دلفي هدف‌مند و پيمايشي به صورت ابزار پرسش‌نامه اقدام شده است. نتايج به دست آمده نشان مي‌دهد كه اولاً بر اساس نتايج مدل فازي مرحله ساختاري تهيه طرح ها با توجه به چالش‌هاي شناسايي شده داراي بيشترين اولويت براي بهبود شرايط در بين مراحل ساختاري هشت‌گانه رويكرد راهبردي در كلان‌شهر اهواز مي باشد و ثانياً با توجه به نتايج مدل معادلات ساختاري AMOS مرحله سياست گذاري داراي تأثير معناداري در راستاي تحقق رويكرد برنامه ريزي راهبردي در فرايند طرح ريزي توسعه شهري در كلان شهر اهواز مي باشند.

Introduction The new century called cities century. Where headquarters change and evolution because diversity interests, desires, needs and attitudes. This matter with a population density and growing demand for sustainable facilities, requires dynamic and flexible strategies to planning approach. A review origins of urban planning formation and attention to its theoretical foundations show early twentieth century. Since the early twentieth century urban planning give its Intellectual and practical foundations from rationalism principles and organic approach put forward by Patrick Geddes .This approach, raises planning and urban development to centralized form and within comprehensive plans framework by dominate rational approach . Even so, over time in urban planning process show of inefficiency and widespread criticism of the rational planning approach theoretical framework and method. After 60 decades of the twentieth century, criticisms of rational planning ineffectiveness revealed for trying to change the paradigm in planning field. In recent decades planning theories follow postmodernism, poststructuralism and post-positivism. So planning theory changed towards collaborative, strategic and social theory. 60 years passed from start-up urban development planning in Iranian cities. Despite changes and progresses in urban planning paradigm, it has in Iran still comprehensive approach that was common until the mid-twentieth century. Using this approach in the urban development planning process in Iran show itself as a relying on scientific rationalism, Totalitarianism, geometric and physical thinking. One of the main features of urban planning in Iran is the government's unprecedented role in the organization, preparation and approval of urban development plans. This issue promote the centralization and lack of participation approaches in policy-making and providing urban development plans. In government and centralization manner for developing Iranian cities, urban development plans provide in two forms: master plan for express an overview of city development and detailed plan for express detailing land use and its per capita development in cities. These plans are focus on physical aspects and ignore social, environmental and urban design aspects. These plans are consider a long-term perspective (about 25 years) for physical and economic organization of cities. Results obtained from implementing these plans show that considered patterns for urban development far away from reality. Planners believe that one of the reasons in this problem that local management (municipalities, citizens and city council) are not responsible role to prepare urban development plans. In this paper we tried to show what challenges are in using Strategic planning approach to urban plan design in Ahvaz metropolis. In this regard we attempted to find and assessment priority of eight stage of strategic planning structure challenges in Ahvaz and their effect on realize strategic planning in this metropolis. Methodology Percent study with application nature try that analyzing challenge of urban development functional stricture in based of strategic approach in Ahvaz city. For obtain and provide of research implemental component used documentary method and obtain of analyzing data used survey method as questioner tools and targeted Delphi method too. Therefore, at first we used view and vote of 15 experts who that contacted with current seecatch subject to provide main challenges in strategic planning’s eight structural stages. Then we used view point of 60 experts to give value on those challenges. In this regard, research components analyzing nature are the first: recognizing of planning priority their self and second: recognizing effect of research selecting components on strategic urban development planning process in Ahvaz city. For analyzing of data we use FMCDM model (FLLS) and AMOS model. Results and Discussion In this part of the research tried first according achieved views from research experts ranking of the challenges which are in eight structural stages in form of urban strategic development planning in the Ahvaz metropolis. Fuzzy decision model (FLLS) was used for this work .After converting data into triangular fuzzy numbers the terms of the models was analyzed the results showed that based on expert opinion, the main priority of Ahvaz urban planning from strategic perspective and its pathological perspective is in the providing of development plan (stage 4). This result showed that the lack of local management intervention and lack of participation in the planning process of urban development in the city of Ahvaz especially in the preparation of plans the main concerns and challenges of urban development is a strategic view in Ahvaz city. Also, AMOS model show that policy making structural stages has main effect on strategic planning realize in Ahvaz metropolis. Conclusion The finding section included 2 main result: first: providing city development plan as forth stage among eight stages of strategic planning approach has main importance in Ahvaz metropolitan and second: policy making stage has main effect to realize strategic planning approach in Ahvaz metropolis.