ارزيابي و سنجش پايداري گردشگري در روستاهاي هدف گردشگري از ديدگاه مديران محلي (مطالعة موردي: ناحيه اردبيل)

(Assessment and Assessment of Tourism Sustainability from the Point Of View of Local Managers (Case Study: Ardebil District

در دو دهه اخير با ظهور پارادايم توسعه پايدار در ادبيات گردشگري معاصر در سپهر علمي و اجرايي در سطوح مختلف ملي و بين المللي نگراني هاي فزآيندهاي در خصوص تاثيرات نامطلوب و مخرب گردشگري مطرح شده است. گردشگري روستايي بواسطه پيوندها و تعاملاتي كه با محيط زيست و جاذبههاي طبيعي و جوامع محلي بر قرار ميكند، پيامدهاي قابل توجهي در ابعاد مثبت و منفي از خود درمحيطهاي انساني و طبيعي بر جاي مي گذارد. لذا جهت رفع ناپايداريها ميبايست اصول و الزامات رويكرد توسعه پايدارگردشگري در سياستها و برنامه هاي اجرايي به كار گرفته شود تـا از اين طريق توسعه گردشگري در نواحي روستايي و بـه خصـوص روسـتاهاي هدف گردشگري پايدار گردد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف سنجش سطح پايداري توسعة گردشگري در روستاهاي هدف گردشگري ناحيه اردبيل انجام شده است، براي اين منظور روش تحقيق توصيفي- تحليلي مورد توجه قرار گرفت. ابتدا با استفاده از ادبيات تحقيق به عملياتي نمودن مفاهيم و متغيرهاي مطرح در سؤالهاي پرداخته شده و روايي آن به روش نظرسنجي از نخبگان مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفته و پايايي آن نيز به روش آلفاي كورنباخ 80 درصد محاسبه گرديده است. سپس براي ارزيابي توسعه پايدار گردشگري، از تكنيك فرآيند شبكه اي با بهره گيري از نرم افزار Super Decisions استفاده شده است. جامعه آماري تحقيق را 11 روستاي هدف گردشگري ناحيه اردبيل تشكيل مي دهد كه داده هاي لازم به صورت تمام شماري از 79 مدير محلي جمع آوري گرديد، نتايج به دست آمده نشان مي دهند كه پايداري گردشگري در روستاهاي مورد مطالعه درمجموع در سطح پايداري متوسط قرار دارند و در بين ابعاد بررسي شده، بعد اقتصادي گردشگري از پايداري بيشتري نسبت به ابعاد زيست محيطي، اجتماعي و زيربنايي در روسـتاهاي مـورد مطالعـه برخوردارنـد، همچنين نتايج نشان داد كه بين روستاهاي مطالعه شده از لحاظ پايداري گردشگري تفاوت معناداري وجود دارد و روستاي آلاديزگه با امتياز 0/69 از بيشترين امتياز پايداري و روستاي سردابه با امتياز 0/37 از پايين ترين امتياز پايداري برخوردار مي باشند

Introduction In recent years, tourism has found a special place in the ideas of rural development and has led planners' attention in developing countries. In Iran, due to the many attractions and potential in rural environments, special attention has been paid to tourism as a factor for improving the social conditions of the rural population. In fact, rural tourism is a complement to the rural market and is an important source of employment for low-income communities (such as rural communities) because employment in this industry does not require high skills and apprenticeships, and indigenous and local people with little skill in service occupations busy working. In the meantime, sustainable rural tourism seeks to meet the needs of local community development, improve the local supply chain, encourage local industries and businesses, develop appropriate proportions of environmental and social capacities, respect for intergenerational justice, increase the stability of tourism incomes, and satisfy the host society. an‎d is a guest. This research is conducted with the aim of assessing and assessing the sustainability of villages in the target area of tourism in the Ardabil area and seeking to answer this question. What is the level of sustainability of tourism development in the villages of Ardabil? Tourism has a special meaning in the concept of sustainability, so that the birth of this concept in tourism studies is the result of an attempt to achieve sustainability in all areas of development. Sustainable non-destructive environmental development, technically fit, is economically viable and socially acceptable to the public. Accordingly, sustainable development of tourism should be considered as an adaptive paradigm and part of the core concept of sustainable development and development, and should be part of the overall goals of sustainable development. an‎d it should be considered in all types of tourism development, or at least with the main foundations of development at any time and place with the ability of future generations to meet their needs and aspirations. All of these cases show a strong relationship between rural tourism and sustainable development, and one of the main strategies for developing rural areas is to pay attention to this type of tourism in order to eliminate rural environments from isolation and exclusion and to develop a balanced development it was created. There are different views and perspectives on the development of rural tourism in which there are three important perspectives: Rural Tourism as a Rural Development StrategyRural Tourism as a Rural Rehabilitation Policy- Rural tourism as a tool for sustainable development and conservation of natural resources: Achieving sustainable development of rural tourism requires explanation, recognition and analysis of tourism sustainability, and to this end, sustainability assessment of tourism development is introduced. Methodology The present research, with consideration of the issue, is a descriptive and analytical type and aims to measure the sustainability of tourism in the villages of the tourism destination of Ardabil. . Required data were collected using documentary and field method and field method is based on questionnaire tool. The statistical population of the present study included 11 tourist tourism villages in Ardebil district. The necessary data were collected from a total of 79 local administrators, including the organizers, chairmen and members of the Islamic Council of the villages studied. Then, to assess sustainable tourism development, the network process technique was utilized using the Super Decisions software Is. Result and Discussion The results of the study on the sustainability of the sustainability of tourism development in the studied villages showed that, in terms of overall sustainability score, Aladizgah village with the score of 0.69 and Sardabeh village with the score of 37. 0 have the highest and lowest stability rates. Also, the Aladizge village has the highest stability rating among the villages of the area in all four dimensions. The lowest sustainability score in the environmental and socio-cultural dimension of the village of Sardabeh and in the economic and physical-infrastructural aspect of the village of Kurobaslou. Sustainability status of tourism development in the studied villages indicates that the total stability score based on the local managers' view is 0.56 points and in the medium level of sustainability. Among the four dimensions, from the viewpoint of local managers, the economic dimension with the score of 0.62 has the highest level of sustainability and the physical-infrastructural dimension with the score of 0.50 has the lowest sustainability, which indicates the undesirable situation of the underlying physical dimension of tourism development in the studied villages.